A5054264386- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Scientific Research and Philosophical Inquiry
- Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Cognitive Science and Mapping
- Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Ethics in Business and Education
- Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Disaster Response and Management
- Personality Traits and Psychology
- Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
- Disaster Management and Resilience
City, University of London
2018-2025
Oxford University Press (United Kingdom)
2024
University of Oxford
2015-2019
Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities
2016
Universität Hamburg
2012-2015
University College London
2013-2014
New York University
2013-2014
Abstract As artificial intelligence (AI) systems begin to take on social roles traditionally filled by humans, it will be crucial understand how this affects people’s cooperative expectations. In the case of human–human dyads, different relationships are governed norms: For example, two strangers—versus friends or colleagues—should interact when faced with a similar coordination problem often differs. How rise ‘social’ (and ultimately, superintelligent AI) complicate expectations about norms...
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance to examine variation effect magnitudes across sample setting. Each protocol was administered approximately half 125 samples 15,305 total participants from 36 countries territories. Using conventional statistical significance (p < .05), fifteen (54%) the provided evidence same direction statistically significant as original finding. With a strict...
As cases of COVID-19 infections surge, concerns have renewed about intensive care units (ICUs) being overwhelmed and the need for specific triage protocols over winter. This study aimed to help inform guidance by exploring views lay people factors include in decisions.Online survey between 29th May 22nd June 2020 based on hypothetical dilemmas. Participants recruited from existing market research panels, representative UK general population. Scenarios were presented which a single ventilator...
Implicit theories of emotion—assumptions about whether emotions are fixed (entity theory) or malleable (incremental theory)—have previously been shown to influence affective outcomes over time. We examined implicit emotion also relate the immediate regulation negative affect. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that more students endorsed an entity theory emotion, discomfort they reported while watching aversive movie clip, avoided stimuli in this affect after and less likely were watch...
To not harm others is widely considered the most basic element of human morality. The aversion to can be either rooted in outcomes an action (utilitarianism) or reactions itself (deontology). We speculated that moral judgments rely on integration neural computations and visceral reactions. present research examined whether utilitarian deontological aspects judgment are associated with cardiac vagal tone, a physiological proxy for neuro-visceral integration. investigated relationship between...
Mentally contrasting a desired future with impeding reality promotes goal pursuit when expectations of success are high and curbs low. Four studies tested whether mental affects responses to goal-relevant negative feedback. Mental promoted the processing feedback (Studies 1 2), which in turn helped participants form plans beneficial for (Study 2). also protected self-view competence against 3) facilitated attributions 4). All effects occurred line success. These results suggest that...
Prosocial behavior is affected by the beliefs people have about others. The maintenance of these biased: are vicariously optimistic when updating future others they care about. This vicarious optimism influences prosocial and might be shaped culture live in. We investigated this question measuring learning from good bad news for oneself, friends, strangers in a pre-registered study Chinese American participants ( N = 963). showed stronger bias better-than-expected “good news” over...
How we should design and interact with social artificial intelligence depends on the socio-relational role AI is meant to emulate or occupy. In human society, relationships such as teacher-student, parent-child, neighbors, siblings, employer-employee are governed by specific norms that prescribe proscribe cooperative functions including hierarchy, care, transaction, mating. These shape our judgments of what appropriate for each partner. For example, workplace may allow a boss give orders an...
An optimistic learning bias leads people to update their beliefs in response better-than-expected good news but neglect worse-than-expected bad news. Because evidence suggests that this arises from self-concern, we hypothesized a similar may affect about other people’s futures, the extent care others. Here, demonstrated phenomenon of vicarious optimism and showed it concern for Participants predicted likelihood unpleasant future events could happen either themselves or In addition showing an...
Introduction. Drinking alcohol has detrimental health consequences, and effective interventions to reduce hazardous drinking are needed. The self-regulation intervention of Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) promotes behavior change across a variety behaviors. In this study, we tested if online delivery MCII reduced in people who were worried about their drinking. Method. Participants ( N = 200, female 107) recruited online. They randomized learn or solve simple math...
An optimistic learning bias leads people to update their beliefs in response better-than-expected “good news”, but neglect worse-than-expected “bad news”. Because evidence suggests this arises from self-concern, we hypothesized that a similar may affect about others’ future, the extent care others. Here, demonstrate phenomenon of vicarious optimism and show it concern for Participants predicted likelihood unpleasant future events could happen either themselves or In addition showing an...
Abstract People's risk estimates often do not align with the evidence available to them. In particular, people tend discount bad news (such as suggesting their of being involved in a car accident is higher than they thought) compared good (evidence it lower) – this known belief update bias. It has been assumed that individuals use motivated reasoning rationalise away unwanted (e.g., “I am safe driver, thus these statistics apply me”). However, whether required tested directly. Here, we...
Background Many patients at the end of life require analgesia to relieve pain. Additionally, up 1/5 in UK receive sedation for refractory symptoms life. The use end-of-life care (EOLC) remains controversial. While gradual alleviate intractable suffering is generally accepted, there more opposition towards deliberate and rapid unconsciousness (so-called “terminal anaesthesia”, TA). However, general public’s views about EOLC are not known. We sought investigate inform policy practice UK....
Helping other people can entail risks for the helper. For example, when treating infectious patients, medical volunteers risk their own health. In such situations, decisions to help should depend on individual's valuation of others' well-being (social preferences) and degree personal individual finds acceptable (risk preferences). We investigated how these distinct preferences are psychologically neurobiologically integrated helping is risky. used incentivized decision-making tasks (Study 1;...
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 6(3) of Motivation Science (see record 2020-63892-008). In the “Mental Contrasting Spurs Energy by Changing Implicit Evaluations Obstacles,” Sandra Wittleder, Andreas Kappes, Nora Rebekka Krott, Melanie Jay, and Gabriele Oettingen (Motivation Science, 2020, Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 133–155, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000140), although Figure 3 legend is correct, 2 incorrectly repeated as 3. The correct provided erratum.]...