The hadronization of a high-energy parton is described by fragmentation functions which are introduced through QCD factorizations. While the mechanism per se remains uknown, can still be investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. qualitative study mainly concentrates on extracting genuine features based operator definition in quantum field theory. quantitative research focuses describing variety experimental data employing function given parameterizations or model calculations. With...

By applying the collinear expansion to semi-inclusive hadron production process $e^++e^-\to h+\bar q(jet)+X$ at high energies, we construct a theoretical framework where leading and higher twist contributions perturbative QCD can be calculated systematically. With this framework, calculate up twist-3 for spin-0, spin-1/2 spin-1 hadrons respectively. We present results hadronic tensors, differential cross sections, azimuthal asymmetries, polarizations of hadrons.

We present the systematic results for three-dimensional fragmentation functions of spin-1 hadrons defined via quark-quark correlator. There are totally 72 such functions, among them 18 twist-2, 36 twist-3 and twist-4. also relationships between parts those quark-gluon-quark correlator obtained from QCD equation motion. show that two particle semi-inclusive hadron production process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}V\ensuremath{\pi}X$ at high energies is one best places to...

A bstract We establish a sum rule that connects fracture functions to nucleon energy-energy correlators (NEECs) in one-to-one correspondence. Using this rule, we study the energy pattern target fragmentation region of deep inelastic scatterings. Through investigations up twist-3, express all eighteen energy-pattern structure terms associated NEECs, elucidating various azimuthal and spin asymmetries critical for tomography. Additionally, investigate perturbative matching twist-2 quark NEECs....

We have measured the mass and kinetic-energy distributions of fragments from spontaneous fission $^{256}\mathrm{No}$ produced via $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$${(}^{12}$C,4n) reaction. The production cross section using 71-MeV $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ projectiles was found to be 250 nb. total kinetic energy for is 196\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 MeV. distribution very broad (full width at half maximum \ensuremath{\sim}50 units) with no appreciable decrease in yield symmetric division. seems transition...

We present for the first time complete twist-4 result semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}qX$ with polarized electron and proton beams at tree level of perturbative QCD. The calculations have been carried out using formalism obtained after collinear expansion where multiple gluon scatterings are taken into account gauge links automatically in a systematical way. results show particular that there contributions to all...

We make a systematic study of the isospin symmetry fragmentation functions by taking decay contributions into account. assume in strong interactions and show that unpolarized case is held for $\Lambda$ only tiny violations are allowed other hadrons such as nucleon pions due to from weak decays. present rough estimate magnitudes violations. In polarized case, we violation production should be recent Belle data on transverse polarization can reproduced if kept corresponding functions.

We make a systematic study of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ hyperon polarizations in unpolarized lepton induced semi-inclusive reactions such as ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}X$ and ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}hX$. present the general form cross sections terms structure functions obtained from kinematic analysis. This already shows that produced hyperons can be polarized...

The longitudinal polarization of hyperons in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at high energies depends on the quark produced vertex whereas spin alignment vector mesons is independent it. They exhibit very different energy dependences. We use Lambda hyperon and $K^*$ as examples present numerical results leading twist with perturbative QCD evolutions fragmentation functions order.

The spin alignment of vector meson produced in high energy reactions is determined by the spin-dependent fragmentation function $D_{1LL} (z,\mu_f)$ that shown to be independent polarization fragmenting quark. In this paper, we extract from data on $K^{*0}$ $e^+e^-$ annihilation at LEP two different scenarios and apply them make predictions $pp$ collisions. We detailed analysis contributions sub-processes show should quite significant also

We present the complete twist-4 results for semi-inclusive annihilation process ${e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}h+\overline{q}+X$ at tree level of perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The calculations are carried out by using formalism obtained applying collinear expansion to this process, where multiple gluon scattering is taken into account and gauge links systematically automatically. structure functions in terms invariant fragmentation up corresponding azimuthal...

We present a short overview of studies the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions nucleon. The aim such is to provide three-dimensional imaging nucleon and comprehensive description semi-inclusive high-energy reactions. By summarizing what we have done in constructing theoretical framework for inclusive deep inelastic lepton–nucleon scattering one-dimensional nucleon, try sketch out an outline need do construct processes terms gauge-invariant distributions. Next, already...

Parity violation in QCD is a consequence of the so-called θ-vacuum. As result, parity-odd fragmentation functions are introduced and they bring new observables back-to-back dihadron productions e+e−-annihilation experiments [1]. The experimental measurements on corresponding can shed light local CP effect QCD. On other hand, weak interaction also violates parity symmetry. Therefore, decay heavier hadrons contribute to effects functions. In this paper, we investigate contribution these...

We study one-loop contributions to semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering in the target fragmentation region for a polarized lepton beam and nucleon target. Complete results at leading twist are derived, with particular focus on gluonic channel. It shows that four structure functions generated uniquely by gluon fracture starting one-loop. Additionally, we obtain two associated longitudinal polarization of virtual photon, they contributed both quark channels. By combining existing twist-3...

We present a systematic calculation of the current jet production semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering process at Electron-Ion Collider energy. Contributions from weak interactions are considered which give rise to parity violating effects. consider general form polarized electron beam off target has spin 1. The calculations carried out up twist-3 level in quantum chromodynamics parton model by applying collinear expansion where multiple gluon is taken into account and gauge links...

We present the complete results up to twist-3 for hadron production in target fragmentation region of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering with a polarized lepton beam and nucleon target. The nonperturbative effects are factorized into fracture functions. calculation is nontrivial since one has keep gauge invariance. By applying collinear expansion, we show that hadronic tensor can be expressed by gauge-invariant also structure functions azimuthal asymmetries.

We show that the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution, called as Pretzelosity function, is zero at any order in perturbation theory of QCD for a single massless quark state. This implies function not factorized with collinear transversity distribution twist-2, when struck has large transverse momentum. fact related to distributions defined twist-4 operators. In reality, hadron bound state quarks and gluons zero. Through an explicit calculation combined gluon nonzero result found.

A bstract Fracture functions are parton distributions of an initial hadron in the presence almost collinear particle observed final state. They important ingredients QCD factorization for processes where a is produced diffractively. There different fracture process kinematic regions. We take production lepton pair combined with diffractively collisions to discuss this. Those can be factorized further if there large energy scales involved. perform one-loop calculations illustrate case as real...

We present the systematic results for three dimensional fragmentation functions defined via quark-quark correlator hadrons with spin 0, 1/2 and 1 respectively. These are presented in terms of a independent part, vector polarization dependent part tensor part. For 0 hadrons, only is needed, hadron, parts present, while all exist. discuss general properties these also corresponding when transverse momentum integrated.

We present a short overview on the studies of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions nucleon. The aim such is to provide three dimensional imagining nucleon and comprehensive description semi-inclusive high energy reactions. By comparing with theoretical framework that we have for inclusive deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering one-dimensional imaging nucleon, summarize what need do in order construct processes terms gauge invariant distributions. After that, an...

A bstract In the target fragmentation region of Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering, diffractively produced hadron has small transverse momentum. If it is at order Λ QCD , prevents to make predictions with standard collinear factorization. However, in this case, differential cross-sections can be predicted by factorization fracture functions, diffractive parton distributions. momentum much larger than but smaller Q which virtuality virtual photon, both factorizations apply. functions...

We make a systematic calculation for polarized vector meson production in semi-inclusive lepton-nucleon deep inelastic scattering $e^-N\to e^-VX$. consider the general case of neutral current electroweak interactions at high energies which give rise to parity-violating effects. present kinematic analysis process and show that cross sections are expressed by 81 structure functions. further parton model results functions terms transverse momentum dependent distribution fragmentation leading...

The transverse polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperon within reconstructed jets in hadronic collisions offers a complementary platform to probe the polarized fragmentation function $D_{1T}^\perp$. We illustrate that by performing global analysis hyperons produced different kinematic regions and collisions, such as $pp$, $p\bar p$, $pA$, $\gamma A$ we can pin down flavor dependence $D_{1T}^\perp$ which has been poorly constrained. Besides single inclusive jet production, $\gamma/Z^0$-boson...

A bstract We study one-loop contributions to semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering in the target fragmentation region for a polarized lepton beam and nucleon target. Complete results at leading twist are derived, with particular focus on gluonic channel. It shows that four structure functions generated uniquely by gluon fracture starting one-loop. Additionally, we obtain two associated longitudinal polarization of virtual photon, they contributed both quark channels. By combining existing...

We establish a sum rule that connects fracture functions to nucleon energy-energy correlators~(NEECs) in one-to-one correspondence. Using this rule, we study the energy pattern target fragmentation region of deep inelastic scatterings. Through investigations up twist-3, express all eighteen energy-pattern structure terms associated NEECs, elucidating various azimuthal and spin asymmetries critical for tomography. Additionally, investigate perturbative matching twist-2 quark NEECs....