Credit markets develop hand in with a market economy. Pre-industrial credit markets, like (and capital) today, developed order to smooth consumption, ease trade, and enable long-term investment. Yet the 18th-century Cape Colony, Dutch settlement at southern tip of Africa, commentators day were sceptical about what an active could contribute economy: for them, borrowing was sure sign poverty. Historians have expressed same view. We present different picture Colony. use 4,160 probate...

This study comprehensively explores the nature and extent of transitory chronic unemployment using data from first four waves National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) conducted in 2008–15. The empirical findings revealed that transitorily chronically unemployed individuals shared highly similar characteristics: African female with incomplete secondary education, residing urban areas Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal Gauteng provinces. Both groups were more likely to come youth cohorts (25–34 35–44...

The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve was quantified in 15 patients subjected to hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass under opiate-benzodiazepine anesthesia using the alpha-stat approach control blood acid-base status. P50 calculated from a single measurement of oxygen tension and hemoglobin saturation obtained pulmonary artery or venous line circuit. In addition, directly determined at registered patient temperature. decreased 3.87(±0.15) kPa (mean, SEM) before 1.55(±0.16) during (25.43 ± 1.99...

TSEG (Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis) - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History, is het Nederlands-Vlaamse vaktijdschrift op gebied van de sociale economische geschiedenis

The correlation between the level of difficulty assessments, Bloom’s Taxonomy as well pass rates courses has been a seriously under-researched area in South Africa. In this study, we proposed revised taxonomy index, before examined 112 first-year 2017‒2019 final and supplementary assessment papers from Economic Management Sciences Faculty university Western Cape. descriptive statistics showed that these are different terms duration, total marks, type questions asked rates. It was also found...

For economic transactions, including debt to occur in a market system, property rights are essential. The literature has focussed on finding empirical proof of the effect right regimes, noting differences between de jure and facto rights. We use novel combination data wealth demographics investigate effects regimes outcomes at individual level. At Cape, freehold loan farms differed. Historians, however, suggest that these two types were same. exploit random variation birth order,...

Intergenerational mobility studies are now expanding in three directions – including different regions and time periods, using outcomes to measure mobility, investigating the mechanisms that affect mobility. We investigate, for first time, wealth Cape Colony. compare a number of outcomes, consider several explain our results. Our data allow us match at much higher rates than before, also include daughters. find very high and, contrast existing historiography, those bottom distribution.

Assessments plays an important role in Higher Education as a cornerstone and driver of learning teaching activities, curriculum development renewal, achievement objectives student academic success, well the graduate attributes. Assessment load, however, terms over-assessment (along with under-assessment), is blurred concept that difficult to define qualitatively measure quantitatively. To address this gap research, based on comprehensive literature review, we developed multidimensional...

The newly established South African Reserve Bank (SARB) was tasked to protect the currency by navigating interwar gold standard, and, from March 1933, maintaining parity with Pound Sterling. We find that Africa’s exit secured an unparalleled and rapid recovery Great Depression. accompanied inextricable link of SARB’s policy rate interest set England (BoE). This sacrifice independent monetary allowed SARB fix country’s exchange without impeding flow London. fuelled economy reducing its rates...

The academic success of first-year Economics students has been examined in many South African studies Economic Education. These controlled for differences demographic characteristics, last school examination (Matric) subjects and results, as well lecture tutorial attendance when investigating students' performance. While there is an abundance international the main reasons or non-attendance, these are rare context, especially field Economics. Hence, this study fills existing local research...

Background: Drug resistant cancers are often associated with poor patient outcomes and burdens an already strained healthcare system. The underlying mechanism of resistance is poorly understood, however Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) serves as a useful disease model. For CML, highly effective therapies have been developed, such tyrosine kinase inhibitors, particularly the first line drug Imatinib. Unfortunately, approximately 20-30% patients do become to Variability in response could be due...

Background: Heritable thrombophilia is a multiple gene disorder with high mortality and morbidity. Genetic risk factors associated Venous Thromboembolism have been linked to mutations in the genes of coagulation/anticoagulation system. The more prevalent inherited are gain-of-function coagulation V II, namely factor V-Leiden (FVL and/or F5G1691A (FVR506Q,)) prothrombin/Factor II (FII) F2G20210A. epidemiology FVL FII has not well studied within either South African or context. Aims: To...

Banks act as intermediaries between those with funds and who seek for economic enterprises. They are a source of credit capital investment, their value is clear. Less known about the role social connections in establishment banks. Using data from 19th-century South Africa, we study colonial banks shareholder profile. We show, using network analysis, that family influential individuals were crucial to these This research opens new lines inquiry into how structures may have influenced success...