A5063809741- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Marine animal studies overview
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate change and permafrost
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Marine and fisheries research
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Freezing and Crystallization Processes
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Remote-Sensing Image Classification
University of Manitoba
2013-2024
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2023-2024
From 1981 through 1998, the condition of adult male and female polar bears has declined significantly in western Hudson Bay, as have natality proportion yearling cubs caught during open water period that were independent at time capture. Over this same period, breakup sea ice on Bay been occurring earlier. There was a significant positive relationship between females (i.e., earlier breakup, poorer bears). The trend toward also correlated with rising spring air temperatures over study area...
In Hudson Bay, all the ice melts in summer, and last areas to be ice-free (around mid-to-late July) are usually off coasts of Manitoba Ontario. Thus, polar bears forced ashore fast until freeze-up November (ca. four months). Pregnant females remain for eight months. most years from 1963 through 1997, aerial surveys monitor bear populations were conducted along or part coastline between Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Henrietta Maria, Ontario, late August early September. Satellite data, which...
Abstract Aim Climate change is altering marine ecosystems worldwide and most pronounced in the Arctic. Economic development increasing leading to more disturbances pressures on Arctic wildlife. Identifying areas that support higher levels of predator abundance biodiversity important for implementation targeted conservation measures across Location Primarily Canadian waters but also parts United States, Greenland Russia. Methods We compiled largest data set existing telemetry predators North...
Emergence of new technologies in remote sensing give scientists a way to detect and monitor wildlife populations. In this study we assess the ability classify two emblematic Arctic cetaceans, narwhal (Monodon monoceros) beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), using very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. We analyzed 12 VHR images acquired August 2017 2019, collected by WorldView-3 satellite, which has maximum resolution 0.31 m per pixel. The covered Clearwater Fiord (138.8 km2), an area...
Abstract Snow on sea‐ice is an integral, yet poorly understood, component of the ocean‐sea‐ice‐atmosphere interface. exerts a significant control both shortwave and conductive fluxes due to its high albedo low thermal conductivity. Parameters pertaining snow distribution and/or thickness are hard model measure using geospatial techniques. In terms Arctic hydrology, we consider three aspects important understanding processes operating within interface: i) average magnitude sea‐ice; ii)...
Dive behavior represents multiple ecological functions for marine mammals, but our understanding of dive characteristics is typically limited by the resolution or longevity tagging studies. Knowledge on time-depth structures dives can provide insight into behaviors represented vertical movements; furthering importance habitats occupied, seasonal shifts in activity, and energetic consequences targeting prey at a given depth. Given incomplete Eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) beluga whale over an...
Abstract An understanding of temporal evolution snow on sea ice at different spatial scales is essential for improvement parameterization in models. One the problems we face, however, that long‐term climate data are routinely available land and not ice. In this paper, examine over smooth land‐fast first‐year using observational modelled data. Changes probability density functions indicate depositional drifting events control distribution. Geostatistical analysis suggests snowdrifts increased...
Change and variability in the timing magnitude of sea ice geophysical thermodynamic state have consequences on many aspects arctic marine system. The changes both state, particular development these states, throughout In this paper we review 'consequences' change primary productivity, mammal habitats, as a medium for storage transport contaminants carbon exchange across ocean-sea-ice-atmosphere interface based upon results from International Polar Year. Pertinent include: 1) conditions along...
Sea ice is an integral part of the marine ecosystem in Arctic and important habitat for ringed seals polar bears. To study changes sea characteristics indicative seal (and linked, through predator/prey relationships, to bear habitat), we examined historical concentration type within M'Clintock Channel Gulf Boothia, two regions Canadian Archipelago, during 1980-2000. Results suggest large interannual variability winter conditions over 21-year period. In Channel, first-year types dominated...
The Tarium Niryutait MPA (TNMPA) was created in 2010, through the collaborative efforts of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Inuvialuit, private industry local stakeholders. purpose TNMPA is to conserve protect biological resources within Mackenzie Estuary, ensuring viability a healthy population beluga whales. regulations allow for conduct certain activities (e.g., dredging, transportation, hydrocarbon exploration production activity), as long disturbance, damage, destruction or removal belugas...
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 626:209-226 (2019) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13011 Environmental drivers of beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas habitat use in Mackenzie Estuary, Northwest Territories, Canada K. Scharffenberg1,*, D. Whalen2, M. Marcoux1,3, J. Iacozza4, G. Davoren1, L. Loseto1,4 1Dept Biological Sciences, University...
With increased warming and open water due to climate change, the frequency intensity of storm surges is expected increase. Although studies have shown that strong storms can negatively impact Arctic ecosystems, on marine mammals relatively unknown. In July 2016, an unusually large occurred in Mackenzie Delta while instrumented seabed moorings equipped with hydrophones oceanographic sensors were place study environmental drivers beluga habitat use during their summer aggregation. The lasted...
Abstract We examine the temporal evolution of snow distribution over first‐year sea ice from late winter to period when melt ponds form. Our objectives are model snowmelt and investigate how rate affects transmission photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). These a subcomponent larger initiative coupling physical biological systems within changing ocean–sea‐ice–atmosphere system (Iacozza J, Barber. 2000. C‐ICE 2000 Field Summary . CEOSTEC‐2000‐12‐01. CEOS, University Manitoba). Results...
Interpreting satellite microwave sea ice data during the melt season is difficult. Warm temperatures allow for a greater presence of water in liquid phase at surface and within ice, resulting similar backscattering responses first-year (FYI) multi-year (MYI). Differentiating these types important, especially summer, view higher seasonal marine traffic, functioning ecosystem, Inuit use icescape summer. In this article, we investigate similarities between geophysical, thermodynamic, dielectric...
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 574:243-257 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12178 Beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas late summer habitat use and support for foraging areas in Canadian Beaufort Sea Claire A. Hornby1,*, John Iacozza2, Carie Hoover1,3, David G. Barber1, Lisa L. Loseto1,3 1Centre Earth Observation Science (CEOS),...
Abstract The magnitude and spatial distribution of snow on sea ice are both integral components the ocean–sea‐ice–atmosphere system. Although there exists a number algorithms to estimate water equivalent (SWE) terrestrial surfaces, date is no precise method SWE ice. Physical properties in situ microwave radiometry at 19, 37 85 GHz, V H polarization were collected for 10‐day period over 20 first‐year sites. We present compare physical, electrical emission smooth Arctic 19 sites sampled....
Abstract Diel cycles in marine predator diving behaviour centre around the light‐mediated diel vertical migration (DVM) of prey, and are considered critical for optimizing foraging limiting competition across global seascapes. Yet, our understanding is based primarily on examining relative depth usage between constant day/night with no formal investigation how varying light regimes interact abiotic factors to shape activity. The extreme seasonal (midnight sun, polar night, cycle) Arctic...
ABSTRACT Based on the regions in western Canadian Arctic as outlined by Ice Service, normals and trends from 1981 to 2010 were analysed for monthly surface air temperature, wind speed direction. For month of September, temperatures 2010, all defined regions, increased 2–4 °C. The concentrations sea ice multiyear 2010. Although whole has seen a large reduction minimum extent, region study during only Beaufort Sea shows statistically significant decrease concentrations. Correlations between...
In social animals, group composition can cause variations in individual needs that influence responses to habitat trade-offs, such as predator exposure or foraging opportunities. The Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) form different types and cover multiple summer. This study compares the preference of three types: (1) belugas, (2) groups adults, (3) with at least one calf. Observations were collected during aerial surveys July August 2019. For each...
Monitoring animal population abundance and distribution is essential for conservation management. Recent advances in very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery allow unprecedented detection identification of animals, offering a potential alternative to conventional methods assessment such as aerial surveys. Here, we compare survey images terrestrial walrus haul-out site the Canadian High Arctic taken 1.5 hours apart. While 30-cm resolution commercially available image was insufficient...