Masonry structures are notoriously vulnerable to horizontal actions caused by earthquakes. Given the high seismicity of European region, and that building stock comprises a lot masonry buildings, knowledge about their structural response seismic excitation is particularly important, but at same time difficult determine, due heterogenous nature materials and/or constructional techniques in use. An additional issue represented current methods for mechanical properties assessment, do not...

In addition to traditional methods of strengthening shear masonry walls, some newer materials and systems, such as fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) textile mortars (TRM), have recently been introduced. The earthquake that occurred in Zagreb its surroundings on 22 March 2020 has revealed the sensitivity unreinforced buildings horizontal actions, while pointing need repair damage load-bearing non-load-bearing walls strengthen against failure. Existing regulations do not cover design structures...

Concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars have greater durability than standard steel elements. The main disadvantage of using is the low ductility elements which may be unacceptable in certain situations. There are several different ways increasing concrete elements, analyzed this paper. They compared based on efficiency, influence and ease construction. Less tested methods given more attention to try expand current knowledge possibilities. For that lack experimental data, theoretical...

Horizontal loads such as earthquake and wind are considered dominant for the design of tall buildings. One most efficient structural systems in this regard is tube system. Even though have a high resistance when it comes to horizontal loads, shear lag effect that characterized by an incomplete uneven activation vertical elements may cause series problems deformation internal panels secondary elements, which cumulatively grow with height building. In paper, typical structure will be observed...

The amount of energy dissipated during an earthquake depends on the type failure concrete element. Shear should be avoided because less is spent than that due to bending failure. Compression controlled usually by increasing thickness a wall. Considering current code largely decreases this strength, becomes hard achieve in practice. Because that, analysis described paper made determine reason for large strength reduction at high curvatures. Mechanisms contributing compression shear are...

Serviceability limit states are very important in the design of reinforced concrete elements but they complex to calculate. Simplified serviceability calculations provided EN 1992-1-1 (2013) for steel elements. The crack widths assumed be acceptable if bar diameters or spacings not too large, while deflections slenderness is large. In recent decades, FRP bars have become an adequate replacement bars, especially aggressive environments. calculation procedures FRP-reinforced (FRPRC) were...

A vast majority of buildings built in Croatia are masonry buildings.A fair amount these was before the development seismic codes.Also, most structures that considered to have great historical and cultural value fact masonry.If all above is taken into account with Zagreb earthquake being just recent reminder fragility types structures, it safe say assessment rehabilitation should be one greatest priorities civil engineering community.When talking about process, visual inspection a structure...

The behaviour of concrete structures is greatly influenced by the tensile strength and fracture energy concrete.Tensile usually determined indirect, splitting, or bending test methods.However, can not accurately be estimated using indirect methods.It explained why these methods are inappropriate, an overview more accurate direct presented.Advantages disadvantages all discussed, technical problems that may arise during testing presented.The biggest issue with method fact it still standardized.

2020 was a tough year for Croatia, which experienced two significant earthquakes during an ongoing global pandemic.Damage from those extensive and mostly concentrated in the old masonry buildings.Many of mentioned buildings exceeded usual service life span, with some existing over century.Earthquakes exposed Croatian building stock's vulnerability that should be mitigated as efficiently possible coming years.Novel approaches assessment procedures applied together state-of-the-art repair...

According to the systematic research of Statistical Yearbooks, Croatia's national building stock consists approx.residential 800000 buildings and 125000 non-residential buildings.More than 75 % is older 30 years, an age which often requires renovation or modification 40 50 meaning that structure's service life expired.In sector, up expenses are spent for rehabilitation, modification, demolition existing structures.