Abstract Power generation systems will reduce carbon emissions primarily through the application of low or even zero fuels under global decarbonization trend. Ammonia is an ideal alternative fuel because it cheap, readily available, and easy to store transport. However, its mediocre combustion performance has raised concerns about use in engines. The objective this paper was evaluate amount hydrogen that would need be added ammonia from a laminar flame speed perspective if converting...

Abstract In the quest for decarbonizing internal combustion engines, ammonia (NH3) is recognized as a viable alternative fuel due to its zero-carbon emission profile, positioning it potential substitute conventional petroleum fuels. However, suboptimal characteristics of pose challenges direct application in engines. The introduction hydrogen (H2) enhancer shows promise improving viability engine use. While previous studies have confirmed benefits addition enhanced performance, comprehensive...

Engine development needs to reduce costs and time. As the current main methods, 1D simulation has limitations of low accuracy, 3D is a long, time-consuming task. Therefore, this study aims verify applicability machine learning (ML) method in prediction engine efficiency emission performance. The support vector regression (SVR) algorithm was chosen for paper. By selection kernel functions hyperparameters sets, relationship between operation parameters spark-ignition (SI) its economic...

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">As a zero-carbon fuel and hydrogen derivative, ammonia is promising for large-scale use in internal combustion engines under the global decarbonization background. Although itself does not contain elemental carbon cannot produce dioxide, it contains nitrogen produces oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>) emissions during combustion. Accordingly, essential to understand formation evolution of NO<sub>X</sub>...

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Ammonia is a zero-carbon candidate fuel for the decarbonization of internal combustion (IC) engines. A concern when using ammonia in IC engines increased emissions nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>), due to additional molecule. Compared conventional petroleum such as gasoline and diesel, adds NO<sub>X</sub> formation mechanism addition original thermal generation pathway, which further complicates...

A novel hybrid single-polarization (SP) fiber ring resonator is demonstrated by using a polarization-maintaining coupler formed splicing section of SP into the resonator. The selectively eliminates unwanted resonance introducing high loss for eigenstates polarization in calculated result shows that this good candidate tactical-grade performance gyro with environmental temperature stability. experiment desired can keep an excellent stability wide range, thus temperature-dependent...

With global warming, and internal combustion engine emissions as the main non-industrial emissions, how to further optimize power performance of engines (ICEs) has become a top priority. Since is complex nonlinear system, it often difficult from certain factor engine, various parameters are coupled with each other affect other. Moreover, traditional experimental methods including 3D simulation or bench testing very time consuming expensive, which largely affects development speed product...

Abstract Due to the pressing issue of global warming, there has been a significant focus on zero- and low-carbon fuels globally. Among hydrocarbon fuels, methane is widely used in spark ignition engines due its abundance relatively low carbon footprint. However, further reduce emissions, interest growing use ammonia, zero-carbon fuel, as partial replacement for methane. Consequently, it crucial investigate impact ammonia addition performance natural gas engines. A key challenge studying...

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals are widely used in the recognition of hand gestures. Nowadays, researchers usually increase number sEMG signal measurement positions and extract multiple features to improve accuracy. In this paper, we propose a position feature optimization strategy for gesture based on Analysis Variance (ANOVA) neural networks. Firstly, four channels raw acquired, time-domain extracted. Then different networks trained tested by using data sets which obtained...

Abstract As a booming semiconductor material, β -Ga 2 O 3 with an ultra-wide bandgap of 4.8 eV exhibits several advantages in scintillators including high stability and low self-absorption. To further improve the scintillator performance, we grew unintentionally doped, Cu-, Fe-, Mg-, Si-doped substrates using floating zone method. The 0.1 mol% Cu-doped highest light yield 6957 ph MeV −1 good linear response, which represents better predictability for input x-ray energy. Photoluminescence...

Abstract This study aims to advance understanding of in-cylinder combustion processes in medium-speed diesel engines, which are extensively employed heavy-duty applications where electrification proves inefficient yet remains insufficiently examined the literature. By modeling a four-stroke engine with dimensions 210 mm bore and 310 stroke, operating at 900 rpm under full load, this research identifies distinct characteristics that differentiate engines from their high-speed counterparts....

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel engines operated at high altitudes would experience performance degradation due to the fuel-air amount mismatch, resulting in combustion deterioration. Technologies that supplement oxygen concentration, such as intake enrichment, turbocharging and addition of oxygenated fuel additives, can help restore altitudes, but each has its own limitations Operating diesel still generates extremely lean mixtures, making...

Resonant micro-optic gyros (RMOGs) with waveguide-type ring resonators are promising candidates for applications demanding small, light, and robust gyros. However, the nonzero bias at gyro output fluctuates in terms of both stability, owing to temperature variations resonator. In particular, sensitivity stability varies greatly depending on temperature. This paper intends reveal that these observed fluctuations arise from temperature-dependent polarization fluctuation. We will investigate...

A novel hybrid polarization-maintaining (PM) air-core photonic bandgap fiber (PBF) ring resonator is firstly demonstrated by using a conventional solid-core PM optical coupler formed splicing section of PBF into the resonator. Due to Fresnel reflections exist at two junctions between and fiber, forward output signal this normal resonant curve with superposition lightwaves that experienced even numbers backward composed odd reflections. Rigorous derivations signals are given out. The biggest...

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Compared to fossil fuels, ammonia is an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and readily available fuel that carries hydrogen. It expected play a crucial role in the development of carbon-neutral internal combustion engines for next generation. However, significant challenge arises due presence nitrogen both air, leading complex generation intertwined thermal fuel-based oxides (NOx) during combustion. To gain...

Abstract Amid climate change, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and transitioning to renewable energy sources is crucial. Ammonia, a carbon-free fuel, shows significant potential as an alternative source. By incorporating hydrogen additive, its flammability can be enhanced suit existing spark ignition engines. However, understanding the characteristics of nitrogen pollutant emissions (i.e., NOx, which includes NO NO2, N2O) from ammonia-hydrogen combustion challenging due contributions both...

For the first time, a significant noise source in resonant fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) called intermodulation induced error is proposed and deeply analyzed this paper. The produced by laser frequency at even multiples of modulation due to an effect, which will seriously limit random performance RFOG. Experiments are designed conducted verify measure experimental results confirm existence error, fit well with theory. As for design RFOG, light sources narrow intrinsic linewidth high...

The reliability of combustion chamber components is mainly determined by the thermal load diesel engines. Under plateau operation condition, engine performance degradation and ablation area appear. Therefore, it crucial to study heat transfer phenomenon at different altitudes, which Woschni formula cannot meet accuracy requirement. With motive modifying calibrating a modified conjugate (CHT) model cooling medium was proposed analyze temperature distribution cylinder head. results indicated...