Abstract Recently, the pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have reported evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) at nano-Hertz band. The spectrum of inflationary (IGW) is unknown, which might exhibit different power law frequency-bands, thus if PTA signal primordial, it will be significant to explore underlying implications current and CMB data on IGW. In this Letter, we perform joint Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis broken power-law IGW with NANOGrav 15-year...

The Hubble tension is inherently multidimensional and bears important implications for parameters beyond H0. We discuss the key role of matter density parameter Ωm physical cold dark ωc. argue that once baryon ωb are calibrated, through acoustic oscillations (BAO) and/or type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) Ωm, via big bang nucleosynthesis ωb, any model raising H0 requires ωc and, under minimal assumptions, also clustering S8. explicitly verify this behavior holds when analyzing recent BAO SNeIa data....

Abstract The recent DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements have led to tight upper limits on the neutrino mass sum, potentially in tension with oscillation constraints requiring ∑ m ν ≳ 0.06 eV. Under physically motivated assumption of positive , we study extent which these are tightened by adding other available cosmological probes, and robustly quantify preference for normal ordering over inverted one, as well between terrestrial data. Combining data Cosmic Microwave Background...

We investigate the constraints on early dark energy (EDE) by combining most recent CMB observations available, ACT DR4, SPT-3G, and Planck2018 (${\ensuremath{\ell}}_{\mathrm{TT},\mathrm{max}}=1000$) data. This combined dataset favors nonzero EDE fractions large Hubble constants. The inclusion of $\mathrm{BAO}+\mathrm{Pantheon}$ data has little effect results, leads to ${H}_{0}=71.6(72.9{)}_{\ensuremath{-}1.5}^{+2.0}$ $73.17(72.74{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.77}^{+0.55}\text{ }\text{...

Recently, it has been found that complete resolution of the Hubble tension might point to a scale-invariant Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum primordial scalar perturbation, i.e., ${n}_{s}=1$ for ${H}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}73\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{Mpc}$. We show that, well-known slow-roll models, if inflation ends by waterfall instability with respect another field in space while inflaton is still at deep region, then ${n}_{s}$ can be lifted ${n}_{s}=1$. A surprise our result...

Recently, observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating, which has inspired ones to wonder: Can primordial (PBHs) be supermassive, in particular with the mass $M\gtrsim 10^{9}M_\odot$? A supercritical bubble (with an inflating baby universe inside it) that nucleated during inflation can develop into a PBH our observable Universe. Here, we find when inflaton slowly passes by neighboring vacuum, nucleating rate of bubbles would inevitably attain peak, so distribution...

ABSTRACT The spectral index ns of scalar perturbation is the significant initial condition set by inflation theory for our observable Universe. According to Planck results, current constraint = 0.965 ± 0.004, while an exact scale-invariant Harrison–Zeldovich spectrum, i.e. 1, has been ruled out at 8.4σ significance level. However, it well-known that standard Lambda cold dark matter model suffering from Hubble tension, which ∼5σ This inconsistency likely indicates comoving sound horizon last...

Abstract Recently, observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating, prompting the question: Can primordial (PBHs) be supermassive, particularly with masses M ≳ 10 9 ⊙ ? A supercritical bubble, containing an inflating baby universe, that nucleated during inflation can evolve into a PBH in our observable universe. We find when inflaton slowly transitions past neighboring vacuum, nucleation rate of bubbles inevitably peaks, leading to mass distribution multiverse PBHs...

The injection of early dark energy (EDE) before the recombination, a possible resolution Hubble tension, will not only shift scalar spectral index ns towards ns=1, but also be likely to tighten current upper limit on tensor-to-scalar ratio r. In this work, with latest CMB datasets (Planck PR4, ACT, SPT and BICEP/Keck), as well BAO SN, we confirm result, discuss its implication inflation. We show that if happen live EDE, how different inflation models currently allowed would distinguished by...

The probability that the primordial black hole (PBH) binaries formed in early Universe can be affected by Hubble expansion of background, which is non-negligible when number density PBHs very low (it actually this case for supermassive PBHs). In paper, taking into account effect cosmic on comoving distance PBH pairs, we worked out merger rate with any extended mass function. torques all and linear perturbations are also considered. It found PBH,...

The Hubble tension might be resolved by injecting a new energy component, called Early Dark Energy (EDE), prior to recombination. An Anti-de Sitter (AdS) phase around recombination can make the injected decay faster, which thus allows higher EDE fraction (so larger $H_0$) while prevents degrading CMB fit. In this work, we test AdS-EDE model with and Large-Scale Structure (LSS) data. Our dataset consists of low-$\ell$ part Planck TT spectrum SPTpol polarization lensing measurements, since...

The recent DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements have led to tight upper limits on the neutrino mass sum, potentially in tension with oscillation constraints requiring $\sum m_{\nu} \gtrsim 0.06\,{\text{eV}}$. Under physically motivated assumption of positive m_{\nu}$, we study extent which these are tightened by adding other available cosmological probes, and robustly quantify preference for normal ordering over inverted one, as well between terrestrial data. Combining data Cosmic...

Recent observational data seem to show a $\gtrsim 3\sigma$ evidence for an evolving dark energy (DE) against the cosmological constant, so standard $\Lambda$CDM model. In this paper, we perform search primordial gravitational waves with potential pre-recombination solutions Hubble tension, using recent DESI baryon acoustic oscillation measurements combined BICEP/Keck cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode polarization, Planck CMB and Pantheon supernova data, which reveal that low bound of...

Recently, the cosmological tensions, ${H}_{0}$ and ${S}_{8}$ in particular, have inspired modification of both pre- postrecombination physics simultaneously. Early dark energy is a promising pre-recombination solution tension, known to be compatible with cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, compatibility early energy, as well general resolutions, CMB no longer obvious if late Universe also modified. Aside from parameters, main channel through which affects observables gravitational...

The sound horizon-independent $H_0$ extracted by using galaxy clustering surveys data through, e.g., EFTofLSS or ShapeFit analyses, is considered to have the potential constrain early new physics responsible for solving Hubble tension. Recent observations, e.g. DESI, shown that measurement of consistent with $\Lambda$CDM. In this work, we clarify some misuses and misinterpretations in these analyses. On one hand, imposing prior from other cosmological probes often used strengthen constraints...

Recently, the pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have reported evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) at nano-Hertz band. The spectrum of inflationary (IGW) is unknown, which might exhibit different power law frequency-bands, thus if PTA signal primordial, it will be significant to explore underlying implications current and CMB data on IGW. In this paper, we perform joint Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis broken power-law IGW with NANOGrav 15-year BICEP/Keck...

The injection of early dark energy (EDE) before the recombination, a possible resolution Hubble tension, will not only shift scalar spectral index $n_s$ towards $n_s=1$, but also be likely to tighten current upper limit on tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. In this work, with latest CMB datasets (Planck PR4, ACT, SPT and BICEP/Keck), as well BAO SN, we confirm result, discuss its implication inflation. We show that if happen live EDE, how different inflation models currently allowed would...

The recently reported signal of common red noise between pulsars by several pulsar timing array collaborations has been thought as evidence the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) due to Helling-Downs correlation. In this study, we will search for non-linearities SGWB through its effect on overlap reduction function in NANOGrav 15-year data set. particular, focus a folded non-Gaussian component whose amplitude is quantified with single parameter $\alpha$ unpolarized case. results...