A5022032881- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Space exploration and regulation
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
- Ophthalmology and Visual Health Research
- Medical History and Innovations
- History of Medicine Studies
- Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Environmental Monitoring and Data Management
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Groundwater flow and contamination studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Research in Social Sciences
- Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Water Quality and Resources Studies
- Environmental Conservation and Management
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Medical and Agricultural Research Studies
United States Geological Survey
2021-2024
Central Midwest Water Science Center
2021-2023
Upper Midwest Water Science Center
2023
Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
2023
Urology San Antonio
2022
San Francisco State University
2022
California State University, Sacramento
2019-2022
California Community Colleges System
2020-2022
San Francisco Foundation
2021
Savoy Foundation
2021
Abstract. The root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute (MAE) are widely used metrics for evaluating models. Yet, there remains enduring confusion over their use, such that a standard practice is to present both, leaving it the reader decide which more relevant. In recent reprise 200-year debate Willmott Matsuura (2005) Chai Draxler (2014) give arguments favoring one metric or other. However, this comparison can false dichotomy. Neither inherently better: RMSE optimal normal...
Abstract. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root squared (RMSE) are widely used metrics for evaluating models. Yet, there remains enduring confusion over their use, such that a standard practice is to present both, leaving it the reader decide. Some of this arises from recent debate between Willmott Draxler (2005) Chai (2014), in which either side presents arguments one metric other. Neither was completely correct; however, because neither inherently better: MAE optimal Laplacian errors,...
Abstract As science becomes increasingly cross‐disciplinary and scientific models become cross‐coupled, standardized practices of model evaluation are more important than ever. For normally distributed data, mean squared error (MSE) is ideal as an objective measure performance, but it gives little insight into what aspects performance “good” or “bad.” This apparent weakness has led to a myriad specialized metrics, which sometimes aggregated form composite score. Such scores inherently...
Abstract Ocean‐driven melting of ice shelves is a primary mechanism for loss from Antarctica. However, due to the difficulty in accessing sub‐ice shelf ocean cavity, relationship between and conditions poorly understood, particularly near grounding zone, where transitions grounded floating. We present first borehole oceanographic observations zone Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica's largest by area. Contrary predictions that tidal currents zones mix water column, we found Shelf waters were...
Abstract Mass loss from the Antarctic ice sheet is sensitive to conditions in shelf grounding zones, transition between grounded and floating ice. To observe tidal dynamics zone, we moored an ocean pressure sensor Ross Ice Shelf, recording data for 54 days. In this region brought out of hydrostatic equilibrium by flexural rigidity ice, yet found that variations at a constant geopotential surface were similar within outside zone. This implies zone cavity was overpressurized high tide...
Streamflow is one of the most important variables in hydrology, but it difficult to measure continuously. As a result, nearly all streamflow time series are estimated from rating curves that define mathematical relationship between and some easy-to-measure proxy like water surface elevation (stage). Despite existence automated methods, still fit manually, which can be time-consuming subjective. Although several methods exist, they vary greatly performance because non-convex nature problem....
Ice shelves surround ∼ 75% of Antarctica's coastline and are highly sensitive to climate change; several have recently collapsed others predicted in the near future. Marine waters beneath ice harbor active ecosystems, while adjacent seas can be important areas bottom water formation. Despite their oceanographic significance, logistical constraints resulted few opportunities directly sample sub-ice shelf cavities. Here, we present first data on microbial diversity biogeochemistry McMurdo...
Abstract In machine learning or scientific computing, model performance is measured with an objective function. But why choose one over another? According to the information‐theoretic paradigm, “best” function whichever minimizes information loss. To evaluate different objectives, transform them into likelihoods. The ratios of these likelihoods represent how strongly we should prefer versus another, and log that ratio represents relative loss (or gain) from another. plain terms, minimizing...
Hydrologic models are the primary tools that used to simulate streamflow drought and assess impacts. However, there is little consensus about how evaluate performance of these models, especially as hydrologic modeling moves toward larger spatial domains. This paper presents a comprehensive multi-objective approach systematically evaluating critical features in simulations performed by two widely hydrological models. The evaluation captures well model classifies observed periods non-drought,...
Much of modern science takes place in a computational environment, and, increasingly, that environment is programmed using R, Python, or Julia. Furthermore, most scientific data now live on the cloud, so first step many workflows to query cloud database and load response into for further analysis. Thus, tools facilitate programmatic retrieval represent critical component reproducible workflows. Earth no different this regard. To fulfill basic need, we developed Julia packages providing...
ABSTRACT Total phosphorus (TP) loads in many rivers the north‐central United States have increased, including Illinois River at Valley City, Illinois, USA, which increased 39% from periods 1989–1996 to 2015–2019 despite efforts reduce point and nonpoint sources. Here, we quantify long‐term variations (P) its tributaries identify factors that may be causing variations. We calculated river of dissolved (DP) particulate P (PP), total volatile suspended solids (TSS VSS), other potentially...
First posted November 10, 2021 For additional information, contact: Director, Central Midwest Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey405 N. Goodwin Ave.Urbana, IL 61801 The State of Illinois is one the leading contributors nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment to Mississippi River Gulf Mexico. During water years 2016–20, U.S. Survey, in cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency, operated continuous monitoring stations on eight major rivers better quantify nutrient loadings...
Seafloor geology and potential benthic habitats were mapped in West Arm, Glacier Bay National Park Preserve, Alaska, using multibeam sonar, groundtruthed observations, geological interpretations. The Arm of is a recently deglaciated fjord system under the influence glacial paraglacial marine processes. High glacially derived sediment meltwater fluxes, slope instabilities, variable bathymetry result highly dynamic estuarine environment ecosystem. We characterize seafloor developed Coastal...
In 2010 the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 initiated Puget Sound Scientific Studies and Technical Investigations Assistance Program, designed to support research in of implementing Action Agenda. The Agenda was created response having been designated as one 28 estuaries national significance under section 320 U.S. Clean Water Act, its overall goal is restore Estuary's environment by 2020. Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project funded Program request for proposals process, which also...
Much of modern science takes place in a computational environment, and, increasingly, that environment is programmed using R, Python, or Julia.Furthermore, most scientific data now live on the cloud, so first step many workflows to query cloud database and load response into for further analysis.Thus, tools facilitate programmatic retrieval represent critical component reproducible workflows.Earth no different this regard.To fulfill basic need, we developed dataRetrieval, dateretrieval,...
First posted January 5, 2022 Revised February 28, For additional information, contact: Director, Central Midwest Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey405 North GoodwinUrbana, IL 61801Contact Pubs Warehouse The Des Plaines River in southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois is the principal conduit for discharge of wastewater effluent stormwater runoff from greater Chicago metropolitan area. In November 2017, U.S. Survey, cooperation with Metropolitan Reclamation District Greater Chicago,...