This study describes the use of an operant methodology to assess functional relationships between self‐injury and specific environmental events. The self‐injurious behaviors nine developmentally disabled subjects were observed during periods brief, repeated exposure a series analogue conditions. Each condition differed along one or more following dimensions: (1) play materials (present vs absent), (2) experimenter demands (high low), (3) social attention (absent noncontingent contingent)....

The purposes of this study were (1) to describe behavior interventions provided improve compliance with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies in children obstructive sleep apnea, (2) survey physician and caregiver satisfaction these interventions, (3) present preliminary outcome data on the effects interventions.Retrospective, descriptive analysis.Pediatric psychology consultation service at a university-affiliated rehabilitation hospital.20 (aged 1-17 years) referred by physicians for...

Objective A biopsychosocial model was used to treat pain-associated disability in children and adolescents. We assessed the clinical outcomes of adolescents (8–21 years age) with who were treated an interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation program which included physical, occupational, recreational therapy, medicine, nursing, pediatric psychology, neuropsychology, psychiatry, social work, education. Psychological treatment emphasized cognitive-behavioral intervention for pain anxiety...

A distraction intervention for pain management and behavioral distress was implemented six children with chronic illnesses their parents as the underwent repeated needle sticks. The ranged in age from two to eight years. Several different cognitive distractors were used based on respective developmental levels. stick procedures during which treatment included intramuscular injections, implanted port accesses, intravenous placements. Nine sessions of provided a therapist taught coach use...

Magnetic resonance imaging is a promising technological advance used for research and diagnosis of disease. The procedure has no risks, except when uncooperative patients require sedation. Four normal children participated in simulated scans to study the effects (a) antecedent changes environment (b) operant conditioning movement inhibition. Changing can decrease movement, but contingencies were necessary level that, most cases, would allow occur without

A behavior therapy approach for obtaining cooperation during needle sticks was provided to 8 pediatric patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Therapy mock sticks. Hand lotion applied simulate topical anesthetic. Distracting activities established relaxation while stick materials were gradually introduced. Positive reinforcement cooperation. Behavioral distress ignored, blocked, or redirected. After cooperating sticks, sites prepared anesthetic (EMLA), then therapists...

One barrier to medication adherence in pediatric populations is difficulty swallowing pills. Some children may not have prerequisite skills for pill swallowing, while others developed conditioned anxiety from repeated negative experiences. Eight with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autistic participated behavioral training increase cooperation swallowing. A pill-swallowing protocol was utilized during practice sessions placebo “pills” of increasing size implement systematic...

Preschool-age children undergoing radiation treatment for malignancies often require daily sedation or general anesthesia to assure adequate motion control. A few older with severe anxiety reactions, a history of behavior problems, developmental handicaps have similar problems radiotherapy. The use adds risk and expense procedure that does not their administration pain management. This report describes an altemative approach using analysis teach cooperation control preschoolers special...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to study brain function during behavioral tasks. The participation of pediatric subjects problematic because reliable task performance and control head movement are simultaneously required. Differential reinforcement decreased motion improved vigilance in 4 children (2 with disorders) undergoing simulated fMRI scans. Results show that behavior analysis techniques can improve child cooperation procedures.

A behavioral program for teaching children to cooperate with radiation treatment without sedation was previously published in this journal. Outcome data from using that 11 more are reported here. For these children, an apparatus developed display video cartoons and movies during their training, therapy planning, daily treatments. Literature supporting the use of displays provide relaxation, distraction, counterconditioning medical procedures is highlighted. With training display, 9 were able...

Behavioral training was implemented to increase adherence with positive airway pressure (PAP) in 4 preschool children. The employed distraction, counterconditioning, graduated exposure, differential reinforcement, and escape extinction. A non-concurrent multiple baseline experimental design used demonstrate program effects. Initially, the children displayed distress escape–avoidance behavior when PAP attempted. With training, all tolerated while sleeping for age appropriate durations. For 3...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental that, by current definition, has onset prior to age 7 years. MRI studies have provided some insight into brain differences associated with ADHD, but thus far almost exclusively focused on children ages years and older. To better understand the neurobiological development of cortical subcortical should be systematically examined in younger presenting symptoms disorder. High-resolution anatomical (MPRAGE) images, acquired 3.0T...

Abstract O bjectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurological with symptom onset early in childhood. Growing evidence suggests anomalous brain development across multiple regions evident school-aged children; however, few studies have examined whether such differences are notable the preschool years when typically occurs. Methods: High resolution anatomical (MPRAGE) images and cognitive behavioral measures were analyzed total of 90 medication-naïve...

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that dysfunction the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) plays a role in pathogenesis autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet animal and human investigations mGluR5 expression provide conflicting findings about nature dysregulation cerebral pathways subtypes ASD. The demonstration reduced throughout living brains men with fragile X syndrome (FXS), most common known single-gene cause ASD, provides clue to examine We aimed (A) compare contrast...

Introduction: Difficulty with swallowing pills is a common problem, leading to noncompliance treatment recommendations. Many young children autistic disorder (AD) who also show comorbid symptoms associated attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) have difficulty pills. This pilot study describes our experience in teaching pill-swallowing skills 4 AD had ADHD. Methods: Four children, aged 5–;6.5 years, were enrolled for training, 3 of the Caucasian boys and 1 child was Hispanic girl. All met...

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of a new observational measure children's procedure-related distress behaviors, Brief Behavioral Distress Scale (BBDS), to provide clinicians with an efficient, economical alternative that does not depend on continuous interval coding.

To examine the social interaction patterns of children with and without oral clefts.Participants were videotaped while interacting a peer confederate. Oral cleft control groups compared on behavior several self- parent-report measures.Thirty-four 8- to 15-year-olds clefts, matched for sex, age, socioeconomic status 34 noncleft controls.Data obtained behaviors coded from videotapes child parent ratings acceptance/competence facial appearance.Statistically significant differences found between...

Background: Adolescents are prone to sleep problems that have unique developmental aspects and contribute physical, emotional, behavioural problems. Aims: This study evaluated an individualized, multicomponent intervention considered factors, promoted age-appropriate autonomy in three adolescent females with disrupted sleep. Method: recorded data on daily logs. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design was used evaluate a cognitive-behavioural including hygiene training, bedtime routine...