Abstract Between the 1960s and present day, use of morphology in plant taxonomy suffered a major decline, part driven by apparent superiority DNA-based approaches to data generation. However, recent years computer image recognition has re-kindled interest morphological techniques. Linear or geometric morphometric have been employed distinguish classify wide variety organisms; each strengths weaknesses. Here we review these with focus on classification case for combination morphometrics...

Abstract Allometry explores the relationship between an organism’s body size and its various components, offering insights into ecology, physiology, metabolism, disease. The cell is basic unit of biological systems, yet, study type allometry remains relatively unexplored. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a promising tool for investigating allometry. Planarians, capable growing degrowing following allometric scaling rules, serve as excellent model such studies. We used...

Allometry explores the relationship between an organism’s body size and its various components, offering insights into ecology, physiology, metabolism, disease. The cell is basic unit of biological systems, yet study cell-type allometry remains relatively unexplored. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a promising tool for investigating allometry. Planarians, capable growing degrowing following allometric scaling rules, serve as excellent model these studies. We used scRNA-seq to...

Amaryllidaceae is a widespread and distinctive plant family contributing both food ornamental plants. Here we present an initial survey of plastomes across the report on structural rearrangements gene losses. Most in are similar arrangement content however some taxa have shown gains plastome length while several there evidence loss. Strumaria truncata shows substantial loss ndh genes three other show cemA , which has been reported only rarely. Our sparse sampling detected sufficient...

Examination of intra-industry trade (IIT) and its determinants has so far been confined to industrial commodity markets. Taking the case red meat, possibility overlap in a typical agroffod is observed. Further, based on previous theoretical analyses empirical indications, it tests formally general restricted set country industry or demand supply hypotheses which, being particular EEC meat market, may account for cross-country variations IIT 1988. Results suggest that taste as approached by...

Morphological classification of living things has challenged science for several centuries and led to a wide range objective morphometric approaches in data gathering analysis. In this paper we explore those methods using apple cultivars, model biological system which discrete groups are pre-defined but there is high level overall morphological similarity. The effectiveness techniques discovering the evaluated statistical learning tools. No one technique proved optimal on every occasion,...

Apples in the commercial food chain are harvested up to two weeks before maturity. We explore apple fruit development through growing season establish point at which physical features differentiating those cultivars become evident. This is relevant both for understanding of process and ensure that any identification classification tools can be used on ripened-on-tree stored fruit. Current literature presents some contradictory findings growth, we studied 12 Brogdale National Fruit...

Abstract Morphological classification of living things has challenged science for several centuries and led to a wide range objective morphometric approaches in data gathering analysis. In this paper we explore those methods using apple cultivars, model biological system which discrete groups are pre-defined but there is high level overall morphological similarity. The effectiveness techniques discovering the evaluated statistical learning tools. No one technique proved optimal on every...

Abstract Reliable estimation of the relationship between COVID-19 antibody levels at time exposure and risk infection is crucial to inform policy decisions on vaccination regimes. We fit a joint model anti-spike IgG decay data from randomized efficacy trial ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Our improves upon previous analyses by accounting for measurement error, in variation different individuals. estimated correlates protection, decay, vaccine waning. Increased correlate with increased...

Abstract Background Apples in the commercial food chain are harvested up to two weeks before maturity. We explore apple fruit development through growing season establish point at which features differentiating those cultivars become evident. This is relevant both for understanding of process and ensure that any identification classification tools can be used on ripened-on-tree stored fruit. Current literature presents some contradictory findings development, we explored size 12 Brogdale...

Fruit shape is the result of interaction between genetic, epigenetic, environmental factors and stochastic processes. As a core biological descriptor both for taxonomy horticulture, point at which stability reached becomes paramount in apple cultivar identification, authentication commerce. Twelve cultivars were sampled regular intervals from anthesis to harvest over two growing seasons. Linear geometric morphometrics analysed establish if when stabilised whether fruit asymmetry influenced...

SUMMARY Background The National Child and Development Study (1958 British Birth Cohort) follows the lives of over 17 000 people born in a single week England, Scotland, Wales. Since initial recruitment there have been nine sweeps to gather subsequent life-course data, Biomedical Sweep (Age 44) – between Sweeps 6 42) 7 46) that has found widespread application genetic studies. Due its non-selective recruitment, survey is frequently used as representative proxy for population demographic,...

Abstract Fruit shape is the result of interaction between genetic, epigenetic, environmental factors, and stochastic processes. As a core biological descriptor both for taxonomy horticulture, point at which stability reached becomes paramount in apple cultivar identification, authentication commerce. Twelve cultivars were sampled regular intervals from anthesis to harvest over two growing seasons. Linear geometric morphometrics analyzed establish if when stabilized whether fruit asymmetry...

Abstract Amaryllidaceae is a widespread and distinctive plant family contributing both food ornamental plants. Here we present an initial survey of plastomes across the report on structural rearrangements gene losses. Most in are similar arrangement content however some taxa have shown gains plastome length while several there evidence loss. Strumaria truncata shows substantial loss ndh genes three other show cemA , which has been reported only rarely. Our sparse sampling detected sufficient...