A liquid culture method for the production of deoxynivalenol and related compounds by Fusarium graminearum was developed. Major factors which stimulate biosynthesis these include reduced oxygen levels, depletion carbohydrate in medium, pH, possibly a low concentration an organic nitrogen source. Isolates F. were tested yields four trichothecene mycotoxins zearalenone this system. The time course acetyl deoxynivalenol, fermentation measured over 21-day period against glucose concentration,...

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are an attractive portable energy technology due to their low operating temperatures, high-energy conversion efficiency, and lower pollutant production. For over a half-century, the default electrocatalyst for DMFCs has been platinum (Pt). The barriers widespread deployment of DMFCs, however, largely linked cost this precious metal its propensity become poisoned in role as anode catalyst oxidation methanol. Bimetallic platinum–gold (PtAu) catalysts, offer...

This work utilizes EIS to elucidate the impact of catalyst-ionomer interactions and cathode hydroxide ion transport resistance (RCL,OH-) on cell voltage product selectivity for electrochemical conversion CO ethylene. When using same Cu catalyst a Nafion ionomer, varying ink dispersion electrode deposition methods results in change 2 orders magnitude RCL,OH- ca. 25% porosity. Decreasing improved ethylene Faradaic efficiency (FE), up ∼57%, decrease hydrogen FE, by ∼36%, reduction 1 V at 700...

A purple pigment, named cochliodinol, C 32 H N 2 O 4 , has been isolated from three isolates of Chaetomium cochliodes and two globosum. The pigment is produced intracellularly on a wide range media in quantities up to 0.45 mg/ml. rate production for given isolate proportional its growth but such proportionality not observed when one compared another. second, fluorescent 28 by those that produce cochliodinol 1/500 the yield.

SUMMARY: Methods for the assay of sporidesmin and sporidesmolides were worked out used in study production these metabolites by Pithomyces chartarum (Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, Herbarium no. 74473) growing on an enriched potato carrot medium. High yields associated with high utilization medium constituents. No increase quantity isolated from unit volume was observed after third day incubation, despite further rapid growth fungus; contrast good correlation between...

Low-temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction has demonstrated high selectivity for CO when devices are operated with pure streams. However, there is currently a dearth of knowledge systems operating below 30% CO2, regime interesting coupling point sources. Here we examine the influence ionomer chemistry and cell conditions on at low concentrations. Utilizing advanced diagnostics, values cathode catalyst layer ionic resistance electrocatalyst capacitance as function relative humidity (RH)...

Chetomin, one of the antibiotic metabolites Chaetomium cochliodes and C. globosum has been isolated as an amorphous, glass-like solid. Elemental analysis chetomin, its diacetate, bistrimethylsilyl ether, mass spectroscopy tetrathiomethyl derivative, n.m.r. indicate molecular formula to be C31H30N6O6S4. The formation a tetra-S-methyl derivative bismonosulphide indicated presence two epidithiodioxopiperazine ring systems like those present in chaetocin, metabolite minutum, conclusion supported...

J. W. Ronaldson, A. Taylor, E. P. White and R. Abraham, Chem. Soc., 1963, 3172 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630003172

Arrays of PtIr alloy nanoparticle (NP) clusters are synthesized from a method using block copolymer templates, which allows for relatively narrow NP diameter distributions (∼4–13 nm) and uniform intercluster spacing (∼60 or ∼100 nm).

Waste CO2 can be repurposed as a carbon feedstock for synthesizing valuable chemicals via electrolysis. Porous solid electrolyte (PSE) electrolysis has been demonstrated an economically viable method to produce high purity products. This work applies interfacial engineering approach determine key factors improve performance in PSE electrolyzers. We standardize the assembly by binding ionic resin into ionomer wafer and utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) design gaskets uniform fluid...

The production of polypeptides containing a high percentage 2-methylalanine residues by number isolates Trichoderma spp. has been examined. It shown that good yields (0.5-1.0 g L-1) can be achieved on synthetic media provided an insoluble carbohydrate is included and single-spore have this ability are selected from time to time. Such could not obtained any single nitrogen source investigated, but mixture potassium nitrate, glutamine, was effective. at least eight were produced in shake-flask...

The ability of chetomin and the sporidesmin gliotoxin groups fungal metabolites to inhibit growth Bacillus subtilis (HLX 373) has been examined. With exception dibenzoate, compounds having 3,6-epidithiadiketopiperazine structure, when added culture medium before inoculation, increased lag phase growth; this increase was influenced by number organisms in inoculum concentration metabolite. When disulfide bridge eliminated chemically, resulting degradation products were biologically inactive.

Persistent bubble accumulation during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can effectively block catalytically active surface sites and reduce overall system performance. The OER is an essential half-reaction with relevance to metal–air batteries, fuel cells, water electrolysis for power gas applications. renewable energy sector could benefit from identification of morphologies that bubbles on electrocatalytic surfaces. In this work, regular dimpled nickel (Ni) features were prepared...

Polyporic acid, atromentin, bovinone, and oosporein are common metabolic products of a number species fungi. The related compound cochliodinol its congeners produced by several Chaetomium spp. These quinonoid metabolites have been shown to inhibit the growth metabolism range bacterial genera. antibiotic activity quinones depends on substituents at 3 6 positions 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone ring; in aerobic systems appears be inversely proportional polarity metabolite. It has that reduction...

SUMMARY The growth of ewe lambs the Shropshire breed declined and in some cases ceased at end July, when they grazed permanent pastures Experimental Farm, Nappan, Nova Scotia. This decline coincided with a decrease about three orders magnitude numbers viable rumen bacteria. At July an increase one to two was observed fungi collected from pastures. Lambs grazing developed tidal marsh Bay Fundy had better performance than adjacent mixed conifer-deciduous forest. forest soils supported greater...

Cochliodinol is a phenol of unknown structure and metabolite Chaetomium cochliodes C. globosum. It inhibited the growth some species several genera microfungi at concentrations 1–10 μg/ml. The germination spores Botrytis allii Fusarium moniliforme was also inhibited, similar concentrations. forms stable, insoluble salts with strong bases but triethanolamine salt appreciably soluble in water. Solutions this inhibit many bacteria. strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from local general...

SUMMARY: Four wild and two laboratory isolates of Pithomyces chartarum were grown under identical conditions, in submerged surface culture; yields organisms utilization medium constituents are reported. Sporidesmin was produced culture by all the examined but these showed differences up to at least 100-fold ability produce metabolite. Sporidesmolides not isolated from cultures which did sporulate.

Chemical and spectroscopic (u.v., i.r., 1 H 13 C n.m.r., mass) data are reported which suggest that cochliodinol is 2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-di(5′-(2″-methylbut-Δ 2 ″-ene)-indolyl-3′)-cyclo-hexadiene-1,4-dione (1a).

Chetomin is a metabolite of Chaetomium cochliodes and C. globosum. It produced by on denned medium the yield increased about 50-fold addition corn steep liquor to culture medium. Five single spore isolates (HLX 440) all chetomin one them appreciable quantities related but having S:N ratio 1:1. Previous reports antibacterial activity were confirmed antibiotic was shown, in addition, inhibit mycelial growth some fungi. At 0.02 μg/ml, it inhibited protein synthesis cultures HeLa cells. Its oral...

SUMMARY: Crystalline spicules of sporidesmolides, together with some lipid, form the surface layer spores Pithomyces chartarum. The formation is controlled by amino acids present in culture medium.