Mitonuclear discordance across taxa is increasingly recognized as posing a major challenge to species delimitation based on DNA sequence data. Integrative taxonomy has been proposed promising framework help address this problem. However, we still lack compelling empirical evidence scrutinizing the efficacy of integrative in relation to, for instance, complex introgression scenarios involving many species. Here, report remarkably widespread mitonuclear between about 15 mitochondrial and 4...

Delaying sexual maturation can lead to larger body size and higher reproductive success, but carries an increased risk of death before reproducing. Classical life history theory predicts that trade-offs between success survival should the evolution optimal strategy in a given population. However, variation mating strategies generally persists, general, there remains poor understanding genetic physiological mechanisms underlying this variation. One extreme case is Atlantic salmon (Salmo...

A genotyping assay for the Ion Torrent PGM platform was developed fast and cost-effective targeted of key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) earlier identified using a genome-wide SNP array in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. The method comprised simple primer design step multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by two rounds sequencing to empirically evaluate marker efficiency large multiplexes optimise or exclude them when necessary. Of 282 pairs initially tested, 217 were...

Elucidating the genetic basis of adaptation to local environment can improve our understanding how diversity life has evolved. In this study, we used a dense SNP array identify candidate loci potentially underlying fine-scale within large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population. By combining outlier, gene-environment association and haplotype homozygosity analyses, identified multiple regions genome with strong evidence for diversifying selection. Several these had previously been in other...

Introgressive hybridization is an important evolutionary process that can lead to the creation of novel genome structures and thus potentially new genetic variation for selection act upon. On other hand, with introduced species threaten native species, such as cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) following introduction rainbow (O. mykiss). Neither consequences nor conservation implications introgression in well understood. Therefore, we generated a linkage map rainbow-Yellowstone clarkii...

Abstract Fishing has the potential to influence life‐history traits of exploited populations. However, our understanding how fisheries can induce evolutionary genetic changes remains incomplete. The discovery large‐effect loci linked with ecologically important traits, such as age at maturity in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), provides an opportunity study impacts temporally varying fishing pressures on these traits. A 93‐year archive fish scales from wild catches northern Baltic Sea region...

Abstract There are many proposed routes for the origin of premating reproductive isolation, but few systematic studies aimed at testing their relative importance. Accumulated information about biogeographical history European meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus, has allowed us to make a planned series comparisons among populations distinguishing contributions some these hypotheses. We have compared effects on assortative mating long‐term isolation in glacial refugia, founder events...

Accurate assessment of species identity is fundamental for conservation biology. Using molecular markers from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, we discovered that many putatively native populations greenback cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias) comprised another subspecies trout, Colorado River pleuriticus). The error can be explained by introduction throughout range in late 19th early 20th centuries fish stocking activities. Our results suggest within its at a higher risk...

Genetic interactions within hybrids influence their overall fitness. Understanding the details of these can improve our understanding speciation. One experimental approach is to investigate deviations from Mendelian expectations (segregation distortion) in inheritance mapped genetic markers. In this study, we used copepod Tigriopus californicus, a species which exhibits high divergence between populations and general pattern reduced fitness F2 interpopulation hybrids. Previous studies have...

Abstract Understanding pleiotropic architectures of phenotypes is instrumental for identifying the functional basis adaptive genetic variation in wild. Life-history may have a morphological that mediates resource acquisition allocation pathways, but underlying such traits challenging. Using Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) juveniles reared common garden conditions, we test if two life-history associated loci, six6 and vgll3, are also with traits. These loci had previously shown to exhibit...

Introgressive hybridization between genetically divergent populations is an important evolutionary process. The degree to which repeated events the same parental taxa lead similar genomic outcomes unknown. This study addressed this question by following trajectories of replicate hybrid swarms copepod Tigriopus californicus over many generations free mating. Swarm composition was determined both differential reproductive success founder individuals and subsequent selection on genotypes. For...

Abstract Many wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) populations are threatened by introgressive hybridization from domesticated fish that have escaped aquaculture facilities. A detailed understanding of the dynamics between and escapees requires discrimination different hybrid classes; however, markers currently available to discriminate two types parental genome limited power do this. Using a high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism SNP array, in combination with pooled‐sample...

1. Reintroduction of keystone species is considered part the solution to current biodiversity crisis. The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) one such species, shaping its habitat by felling trees, building dams and creating wetlands. However, while potential benefits aquatic ecological functioning have been studied on a local scale, impacts beavers catchment-scale processes as fish migration remain understudied. 2. Sequencing environmental DNA (eDNA metabarcoding) from water samples...

To understand the process of speciation, we need to identify evolutionary phenomena associated with divergence between populations same species. A powerful approach is compare patterns trait differences differing in their histories. recent study genetic meadow grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus, from different locations around Europe has allowed us use this species investigate which aspects history are morphology and mating signals. During last glaciation C. parallelus was confined a number...

Hybridization between genetically divergent populations is an important evolutionary process, with outcome that difficult to predict. We used controlled crosses and freely mating hybrid swarms, followed for up 30 generations, examine the morphological fitness consequences of interpopulation hybridization in copepod Tigriopus californicus. Patterns two generations were partly predictive long-term trajectories swarms. For one pair populations, revealed neutral or beneficial effects after F1...

Abstract Much adaptive evolutionary change is underlain by mutational variation in regions of the genome that regulate gene expression rather than coding genes themselves. An understanding role facilitating local adaptation will be aided an underlying regulatory networks. Here, we characterize genetic architecture threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), important model study evolution. We collected transcriptomic and genomic data from 60 half-sib families using microarray...

Population differences in anti‐predator behaviour have been demonstrated several species, although less is known about the genetic basis of these traits. To determine extent boldness (defined as exploration a novel object) and shoaling within between zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) populations, to examine general, we carried out study that involved laboratory‐raised fish derived from four wild‐caught populations. Controlling for rearing environment, significant inter‐population were found but not...

Abstract DNA sequence data were collected and screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in westslope cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi ) also substitutions that could be used to genetically discriminate rainbow O. mykiss trout, as well several subspecies. In total, 260 expressed tag‐derived loci sequenced allelic discrimination genotyping assays developed from 217 of the variable sites. Another 50 putative SNPs identified by restriction‐site‐associated sequencing, seven...

Abstract Hybridization of cutthroat trout and steelhead/rainbow is ubiquitous where they are sympatric, either naturally or owing to introductions. The ability detect hybridization introgression between the two species would be greatly improved by development more diagnostic markers validated across species’ many phylogenetic lineages. Here, we describe 81 novel genetic associated assays for discriminating genomes these sister species. These nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered...