Charging and discharging of series connected batteries as a whole is associated with charge imbalance problems, which will result in damage to battery cells reduction life. Various circuits for charge/discharge equalization have been proposed. But so far there no criterion comparison evaluation. In this paper, all the are divided into four groups according structure, each them qualitative analyzed marked 5-degree marking system. The results helpful people select suitable method. Furthermore,...

Ambient temperature is a significant factor that influences the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, which can produce adverse effects on state charge (SOC) estimation. In this paper, an integrated SOC algorithm combines advanced ampere-hour counting (Adv Ah) method and multistate open-circuit voltage (multi OCV) method, denoted as “Adv Ah + multi OCV”, proposed. simple general for estimating SOC. However, available capacity coulombic efficiency in are influenced by operating states...

The battery internal temperature estimation is important for the thermal safety in applications, because hard to measure directly. In this work, an online method based on a simplified model using Kalman filter proposed. As improvement, influences of entropy change and overpotential heat generation are analyzed quantitatively. parameters identified through current pulse test. charge/discharge experiments under different rates carried out same verify results. surface temperatures measured with...

This study describes an online estimation of the model parameters and state charge (SOC) lithium iron phosphate batteries in electric vehicles. A widely used SOC estimator is based on dynamic battery with predeterminate parameters. However, parameter variances that follow their varied operation temperatures can result errors estimating SOC. To address this problem, a presented equivalent circuit using adaptive joint extended Kalman filter algorithm. Simulations actual data are established to...

Super capacitor has the advantage of quick charge, large power density, and long cycle life. The shortage is lower energy density compared with electrochemistry batteries. These features make it suitable for a short-distance electric bus used in city. Because capacitance difference between cells, after number deep discharging/charging cycles, voltage cells will be enlarged. This accelerate aging weak super capacitors affect output power. So, management system an equalization function...

This paper presents a cross-coupled control approach to the tracking of parallel manipulators in synchronous manner. Based on synchronization goal, position error is investigated by considering motion between each actuator joint and its adjacent ones. A decentralized trajectory controller then developed with feedback both errors, formed combination feedforward, saturation control. It proven that this can asymptotically stabilize errors system. The proposed does not require explicit use...

The open-circuit voltage (OCV) of batteries is a crucial characteristic parameter that reflects many aspects battery's performance, such as capacity, state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health. OCV most widely used to determine the SOC when battery works in charge-depleting state. However, application estimation can be difficult because need for long rest time full relaxation. In this study, based on analysis curve shape relaxation, new adaptive model simulating relaxation process developed...

In recent years, due to the strong autonomous learning ability of neural network algorithms, they have been applied for electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Although their imaging accuracy is greatly improved compared with traditional generalization both simulation and experimental data required be improved. According characteristics voltage collected in EIT, a one-dimensional convolutional (1D-CNN) proposed solve inverse problem image reconstruction. Abundant samples are generated...

Wireless charging for electric vehicles has been investigated in recent years. One of the critical issues research is to improve weak interoperability between two popular pads—rectangular pad (RCP) and double-D (DDP). This article intends model under misalignment it by adjusting pads' relative position. First, variation with analyzed flux model. Full output power high transmission efficiency can be achieved when pads are misaligned a certain distance. Second, optimal obtained calculation...

The energy efficiency for electric vehicle battery is affected by many factors. Through the definition of we find relationship between efficiency, voltage and coulomb efficiency. factors such as current, internal resistance, SOC temperature which affect will well. An equation given to show how resistance current influence these was analyzed through theory experimental data. This ways increase improve performance.

In a parallel-connected battery group (PCBG), capacity degradation is usually caused by the inconsistency between faulty cell and other normal cells, occurs due to two potential causes: an aging fault or loose contacting fault. this paper, novel method proposed perform online real-time diagnosis for PCBGs. Firstly, based on analysis of parameter variation characteristics PCBG with different causes, it found that resistance can be taken as indicator both seeking distinguishing causes. On one...

The supercapacitor, because of its advantages high specific power, quick charging or discharging with current rates, and long cycle life, is an interesting choice for energy storage applications where power needed only a few seconds, such as pulse-power supply systems. Based on the use supercapacitors all around world, more attention focused effects temperature their performance metrics capacitance, internal resistance, efficiency. To predict terminal voltage at different temperatures,...

This paper presents a novel grouping method for lithium iron phosphate batteries. In this method, simplified electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) model is utilized to describe the battery characteristics. Dynamic stress test (DST) and fractional joint Kalman filter (FJKF) are used extract parameters. order realize equal-number of batteries, new modified K-means clustering algorithm proposed. Two rules designed equalize numbers elements in each group exchange samples among groups....

Three-phase meander-type dynamic wireless power transfer is ideal for the supply or charging of rail vehicles. However, there a lack systematic analysis and design three-phase receiver. To achieve compact receiver in practical applications, this article studies with overlapped receiving coils ferrite core. Based on fundamental coupling characteristic transfer, two overlap modes are concluded compared. Meanwhile, by considering influence mutual inductance harmonic distortion, accuracy coil...

State of charge (SOC) estimation NiMH battery is a key technology in electric vehicle/hybrid vehicle (EV/HEV). In this study, relationship between SOC and electromotive force (EMF) obtained based on the study discharge experiments at different SOC. addition, equivalent circuit model used to estimate battery. The analysis experiment data shows relation EMF Then, according circuit, an equation terminal voltage built. Therefore, can be estimated by voltage. Two tests that include constant...

In this letter, a novel two-coil magnetic communication method based on resonant coupling and frequency divarication is proposed. The half-power decay employed to derive the boundary condition of double 3-dB bandwidths. Moreover, expressions load power, power ratio, capacity are deduced mutual inductance theory. theory proves that there exists one common peak value for bandwidth capacity. Also, expression maximum derived using condition. experimental results demonstrate proposed has at wide...

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with square shaped ferrite core are widely used in various applications because of its simplicity. However, it allows very limited lateral misalignment the receiver relative to transmitter and suffers from big amount magnetic cores, which is not suitable for some such as electric vehicle wireless charging. This paper presents a novel coupler characterized by high tolerance fewer cores. Methods enhance analyzed simulated.

In this paper, a compact wireless energy and data transmission device, which can be used on the remote projectile, is described. This device uses magnetic field generated by coupled coil to receive transfer internal data. These functions above realized operating control circuit in different modes, requires only one projectile. mode, transferred into projectile wirelessly, as well external encoding technology. A high-frequency an when are delivered receiver coil. Interference between avoided...