Within the field of spectral imaging, vast majority instruments used are scanning devices. Recently, several snapshot imaging systems have become commercially available, providing new functionality for users and opening up to a wide array applications. A comprehensive survey available technologies is provided, an attempt has been made show how capabilities approaches can be fully utilized.

A snapshot Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS) with high sampling density is developed for hyperspectral microscopy, measuring a datacube of dimensions 285 x 60 (x, y, lambda). The spatial resolution approximately 0.45 microm FOV 100 microm(2). measured spectrum from 450 nm to 650 and sampled by spectral channels average interval 3.3 nm. channel's 8nm. imaging results demonstrate the potential IMS real-time cellular fluorescence imaging.

While lenses of aperture less than 1000lambda frequently form images with pixel counts approaching the space-bandwidth limit, only heroic designs approach theoretical information capacity at larger scales. We propose to use field processing capabilities small-scale secondary lens arrays correct aberrations due scale objective lenses, an ultimate goal achieving diffraction-limited imaging for apertures greater 10,000lambda .We present example optical design using 8 mm entrance pupil capable...

We show how to construct and calibrate a full-Stokes imaging polarimeter system by combining the video data from two separate polarization cameras with nonpolarizing beamsplitter waveplate. As result, this can capture full Stokes vector at each pixel for 3 megapixel images up 60 Hz. To demonstrate some of advantages measuring <italic>s</italic>₃ component that is normally not measured in cameras, we three experiments: viewing three-dimensional glasses, detecting scarab beetle...

A snapshot imaging Mueller matrix polarimeter (SIMMP) is theoretically described and empirically demonstrated through simulation. Spatial polarization fringes are localized onto a sample by incorporating gratings (PGs) into generator module. These modulate the (MM) components of sample, which subsequently isolated with PGs in an analyzer The MM amplitude modulated spatial carrier frequencies which, due to PGs, maintain high visibility spectrally broadband illumination. An interference model...

Since Pancharatnam's 1956 discovery of optical geometric phase and Berry's 1984 in quantum systems, researchers analyzing have focused almost exclusively on algebraic approaches using the Jones calculus, or spherical trigonometry Poincaré sphere. The abstracted mathematics former geometry latter obscure physical mechanism that generates phase. We show derives entirely from superposition waves resulting shift location wave maximum. This wave-based model provides a way to visualize how arises...

A complete Fourier Transform Spectropolarimeter in the MWIR is demonstrated. The channeled spectral technique, originally developed by K. Oka, implemented with use of two Yttrium Vanadate (YVO(4)) crystal retarders. basic mathematical model for system presented, showing that all Stokes parameters are directly present interferogram. Theoretical results compared real data from system, an improved provided to simulate effects absorption within crystal, and a modified calibration technique...

We present a new snapshot technique for performing spectrally resolved Mueller matrix polarimetry. The basic approach is an extension of the channeled spectropolarimetry technique, employing frequency-domain interferometry to encode polarization information into modulation spectrum.

We present several new results on the classic problem of estimating Gaussian profile parameters from a set noisy data, showing that an exact solution maximum likelihood equations exists for additive Gaussian-distributed noise. Using makes it possible to obtain analytic formulas variances estimated parameters. Finally, we show formulation is actually biased, but bias can be eliminated by straightforward algorithm.

Structured illumination (SI) has long been regarded as a nonquantitative technique for obtaining sectioned microscopic images. Its lack of quantitative results restricted the use SI sectioning to qualitative imaging experiments, and also limited researchers' ability compare against competing methods such confocal microscopy. We show how modify standard algorithm make quantitative, provide formulas calculating noise in The indicate that, an source providing same spatially-integrated photon...

Abstract Nanocelluloses and their different designs, such as films nanopapers, have gained considerable interest in many application areas due to unique properties. For purposes, packaging electronics, the thermal stability optical properties of nanocellulose materials are crucial characteristics. In this study, effects heat treatment (100 ºC, 150 ºC 200 ºC) on mechanical 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy radical-oxidised cellulose nanofibre (TO-CNF) were investigated, especially...

While Pancharatnam discovered the geometric phase in 1956, his work was not widely recognized until its endorsement by Berry 1987, after which it received wide appreciation. However, because Pancharatnam's paper is unusually difficult to follow, has often been misinterpreted as referring an evolution of states polarization, just Berry's focused on a cycle states, even though this consideration does appear work. We walk reader through original derivation and show how approach connects recent...

Image mapping spectrometry (IMS) is a hyperspectral imaging technique that simultaneously captures spatial and spectral information about an object in real-time. We present new calibration procedure for the IMS as well first detailed evaluation of system performance. correlate optical components device to performance metrics such light throughput, scattered light, distortion, image coregistration, spatial/spectral resolution. Spectral sensitivity motion artifacts are also evaluated with...

Prisms have been needlessly neglected as components used in modern optical design. In throughput, stray light, flexibility, and their ability to be direct-view geometry, they excel over gratings. Here we show that even well-known weak dispersion relative gratings has overrated by designing doublet double Amici direct-vision compound prisms 14° 23° of across the visible spectrum, equivalent 800 1300 lines/mm By taking advantage multiple degrees freedom available a prism design, also whose...

We present a depth-resolved Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS) which is capable of acquiring 4D (x, y, z, λ) datacubes. Optical sectioning implemented by structured illumination. The device's spectral imaging performance demonstrated in multispectral microsphere and mouse kidney tissue fluorescence experiment. also compare quantitatively the IMS with hyperspectral confocal microscope (HCM) standard fluorescent bead comparison results show that despite use light source four orders magnitude...

We review Fourier-domain methods for demosaicking Bayer-filter color cameras and monochrome polarization cameras, then generalize the approach quad-Bayer-filter mosaic color-polarization cameras. For each of these four filter types, we provide theoretical expressions sampling functions, channels, linear combination reconstructed channels (the algorithm) needed to estimate input (presampled) image. A useful advantage is that it provides a direct means visualizing quantifying when aliasing...

Computed tomographic imaging spectrometers measure the spectrally resolved image of an object scene in entirely different manner from traditional whisk-broom or push-broom systems, and thus their noise behavior data artifacts are unfamiliar. We review computed spectrometry (CTIS) measurement systems analyze performance, with aim providing a vocabulary for discussing resolution CTIS instruments, by illustrating present reconstructed contributing rule-of-thumb spectral resolution. also show...

We present a full Stokes imaging polarimeter using rotating retarder in combination with polarization camera-a detector array on which pixelated polarizer is attached. By itself, camera cannot capture the parameters, but we add front and show how it can be used to provide images. In addition, demonstrate advantage that recalibrated dynamically while taking measurements, allowing accurate measurements even environments where retardance changing.

We describe the various steps of a gas imaging algorithm developed for detecting, identifying, and quantifying leaks using data from snapshot infrared spectral imager. The video stream delivered by hardware allows system to combine spatial, spectral, temporal correlations into detection algorithm, which significantly improves its measurement sensitivity in comparison non-spectral video, also scanning imaging. After describing special calibration needs hardware, we show how regularize...

We present an ultrasonically tunable color filter based on cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), where ultrasound excitation dynamically modulates the helical pitch. Three CLC cells with different chiral dopant concentrations (4 wt%, 7 and 12 wt%) were investigated. The wt% cell exhibited most significant spectral shift, transmission peak shifting from 511 nm to 451 nm, under actuation, achieving a 60-nm range. Chromaticity analysis confirms reversible transition, demonstrating effectiveness...

We provide a method for calibrating microgrid polarization cameras that is simpler and easier to set up than existing methods. Applying this three different commercially available cameras, we compare the mean values variances in their diattenuation orientation properties. derive formulas giving accuracy with which pixel properties can be calibrated both Gaussian Poisson noise regimes demonstrate statistical instability of extinction ratio as parameter. In series calibration measurements,...

We survey the current state of art in industrial gas sensing, explaining how existing sensing techniques estimate concentration, column density, total volume, and leak rate. especially focus on application snapshot infrared spectral imaging to detection quantification, as this is newest available techniques. After discussing strengths weaknesses each measurement technique for deployment autonomous we explain systems are important improving capabilities facilities, advancing art.

We extend recent results for estimating the parameters of a one-dimensional Gaussian profile to two-dimensional profiles, deriving exact covariance matrix estimated parameters. While form is easy compute, we provide set close approximations that allow take on simple analytic form. This not only provides new insight into behavior estimation parameters, but also lays foundation clarifying previously published work. show how calculate parameter variances case truncated sampling, where lies near...