The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a pest of tropical origin which recently invaded Africa, the Far East and Australia. Temperature, therefore, plays an important role in its invasion biology, since this does not go into diapause. aim study was to determine development rate S. frugiperda at different temperatures calculate number degree-days (°D) required for each stage complete development. This conducted five temperatures—18, 22, 26, 30 32 ± 1 °C. Larvae were reared individually...

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a moth originating from tropical and subtropical America, has recently become serious pest of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Biological control offers an economically environmentally safer alternative to synthetic insecticides that are being used for the management this pest. Consequently, various biological options considered, including introduction Telenomus remus, main egg parasitoid S. frugiperda Americas, where it is already augmentative...

The recent discovery of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith) in Africa presents a significant threat to that continent's food security. species exhibits several traits the Western Hemisphere if transferred would significantly complicate control efforts. These include broad host range, long-distance migratory behavior, and resistance multiple pesticides varies by regional population. Therefore, determining which subpopulations are present could have important implications for...

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is native to the Americas and a major pest of corn several other crops economic importance. species has characteristics that make it particular concern as an invasive pest, including broad host range, long-distance migration behavior, propensity for field-evolved pesticide resistance. discovery armyworm in western Africa 2016 was followed by what apparently remarkably rapid spread throughout sub-Saharan 2018, causing damage estimated tens...

The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a polyphagous pest that causes widespread damage particularly to maize and sorghum in Africa. microbiome associated with S. could play role the insects' success adaptability. However, bacterial communities remain poorly studied.We investigated composition, abundance diversity of microbiomes larval adult specimens collected from four growing regions Kenya through high throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene. population structure...

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is an invasive pest species that threatens maize production by small holder farmers in Africa. Bt express Cry proteins have been used effectively for control of this the United States, Canada, and several countries South America. has evolved resistance to Cry1F Puerto Rico, Brazil Cry1Ab Brazil. This study provides first data on efficacy S. Susceptibility levels nine populations were evaluated between January 2018 May 2018, including a laboratory reared...

Abstract Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) is one of the most devastating pests amaranths causing severe yield losses 60%–100% to crop. Unfortunately use chemical pesticides common control strategy that vegetable farmers rely on pest. However, it not effective and harmful environmental human health. Aiming provide more environmentally friendly alternatives, this study evaluated effects various entomopathogenic fungal isolates commercial based Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. kurstaki product Halt...

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize. Yield losses between 30 and 70% in the Americas 11 100% Africa have been reported. Little information exists on effect damage during different plant growth stages yield loss. Previous studies showed that insecticide applications at weekly intervals did not always provide gain comparable to only single or two well-timed applications. In this study, we completed four field trials under high natural...

BACKGROUND Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, is an economically important cash crop for more than 300 000 rural households in Tanzania. Its production is, however, severely constrained by infestation sap-sucking insects such as Helopeltis anacardii, H. schoutedeni and Pseudotheraptus wayi. The African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda, effective biocontrol agent of hemipteran pests coconuts Tanzania, but its efficacy the control spp. P. wayi Tanzanian cashew has not been investigated so far....

Abstract BACKGROUND The effect of spatial separation the semiochemical Lurem‐ TR , which has been found to inhibit conidia entomopathogenic fungi when put together, on persistence Metarhizium brunneum and M. anisopliae was evaluated in greenhouse field order develop an autodissemination strategy for management Megalurothrips sjostedti cowpea crop. Influence thrips attraction conidial acquisition by from autoinoculation device also investigated field. RESULTS Persistence increased with...

Abstract The polyphagous moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) is among the major constraints to horticultural industry in East Africa. In a search of sustainable control methods, pathogenicity dry conidia 17 Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) and five Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) (Vuill.) isolates were tested against T. moths. conidial uptake by single horizontal transmission, effect fungal inoculant on egg-laying hatchability for pest also assessed. findings from this study showed that...

False codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta is a key pest of citrus orange and other plants causing fruit loss through larval feeding. Although this native to sub-Saharan Africa little known on its performance vegetables in Kenya Tanzania. Our objective was assess the incidence, oviposition preference offspring FCM vegetables, namely, okra, African eggplant, chili sweet peppers. A higher percentage with damage symptoms recorded from ground than tree sampled fruit. However, incidence...

Abstract The tomato leafminer, Phthorimaea absoluta (synonym Tuta Meyrick, 1917), is a transboundary plant pest that poses serious threat to global cultivation and production, with significant negative social environmental impact from increased insecticide usage for its management. We present three P. draft mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) Malawi South Africa, thereby increasing the mitogenome resources this invasive agricultural pest. Comparative analysis Spain, China, Kenya samples...

Tuta absoluta is an alien invasive pest in Sudan. Since it was detected the country, continues to cause major tomato losses. Alarmed by its devastating nature and speed of spread, growers resorted indiscriminate use broad-spectrum insecticides. Promising indigenous parasitoid(s) may contribute suppression this pest. The biology performance native parasitoids, Bracon nigricans Szépligeti (Braconidae) Dolichogenidea appellator (Telenga) (Braconidae), therefore evaluated against different...

Management of

Associations between the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and its native parasitoids need to be updated increase implementation of pest control strategies. In this study, T. absoluta-infested plants were collected from three regions in Kenya. The emerged identified, their abundance was correlated with agroecological parameters, viz. cropping systems, predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae). study further conducted a habitat...

Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is difficult to control by means of foliar insecticides, partly because the endophytic feeding behavior its larvae. The biopesticide spinosad applied as a spray for T. and has systemic properties when soil drench growing medium tomato plants. aims this study were determine the: (i) instar-dependent tolerance larvae spinosad; (ii) efficacy application larvae; (iii) residual period activity in leaves fruit after drenching; (iv) effect drenching on plant...

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a very destructive polyphagous insect pest of cereal crops accounting for up to 100% yield losses. To survive winter low temperatures in the Americas, adults FAW are known migrate south warmer climates and then re‐invade northern USA Canada following summer. Since its African invasion, no studies have looked at overwintering biology. Specifically, there information on situ ontogenetic temperature tolerance,...

Transgenic Bt maize expressing Cry insecticidal δ-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis has been cultivated in South Africa for the control Busseola fusca since 1998. is resistant to Cry1Ab at many localities throughout production region. Pre-release evaluation (1994-1996) inherent susceptibility and post-release assessments (1998-2011) resistance status B. focused on a limited number pest populations. This study reports current levels 10 populations evaluated between 2013 2017 compared this...

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is one of the most devastating pests tomato in both open field and greenhouse production settings that significantly reduce yield quality fruit. Being a new invasive pest, information on pest bio-ecology, including host-rage effects plant species its various fitness traits are virtually lacking. This study involved survey to establish realized host range laboratory experiments evaluate preference for, T. different species. In field, was recovered from only four...