In this review paper, a comprehensive study on the concept, theory, and applications of composite right/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH-TLs) by considering their use in antenna system designs have been provided. It is shown that CRLH-TLs with negative permittivity (ε <; 0) permeability (μ unique properties do not occur naturally. Therefore, they are referred to as artificial structures called "metamaterials". These include series left-handed (LH) capacitances (C <sub...

In this communication, a novel dual-polarized highly folded self-grounded Bowtie antenna that is excited through I-shaped slots proposed for applications in sub-6 GHz 5G multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The consists of two pairs radiation petals whose base embedded double layer FR-4 substrate with common ground-plane which sandwiched between the layers. defected located under elements. Each pair elements are microstrip line on top RF signal 180&#x00B0; out phase respect to each...

Optimization efficiency is a major challenge for electromagnetic (EM) device, circuit and machine design.Although both surrogate model-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) parallel computing are playing important roles in addressing this challenge, there little research that investigates their integration to benefit from techniques.In paper, new method, called SAEA design (PSAED), proposed.A state-of-the-art framework, model-aware search, used as the foundation of PSAED.Considering...

Software-defined networks (SDNs) offer robust network architectures for current and future Internet of Things (IoT) applications. At the same time, SDNs constitute an attractive target cyber attackers due to their global view programmability. One major vulnerabilities typical SDN is susceptibility Distributed Denial Service (DDoS) flooding attacks. DDoS attacks can render controllers unavailable underlying infrastructure, causing service disruption or a complete outage in many cases. In this...

Surrogate models are widely used in antenna design for optimization efficiency improvement. Currently, the targeted antennas often have a small number of variables and specifications, surrogate model training time is short. However, modern become increasingly complex, which needs much more making new bottleneck, i.e., some cases, even longer than electromagnetic (EM) simulation time. Therefore, method, called cost reduced model-assisted hybrid differential evolution complex (TR-SADEA),...

Gaussian process (GP) is a very popular machine learning method for online surrogate-model-assisted antenna design optimization. Despite many successes, two improvements are important the GP-based global optimization methods, including: 1) convergence speed (i.e., number of necessary electromagnetic (EM) simulations to obtain high-performance design) and 2) GP model training cost when there several tens variables and/or specifications. In both aspects, state-of-the-art methods show practical...

5G, the fifth-generation mobile network, is predicted to significantly increase traditional trajectory of energy consumption. It now uses four times as much 4G, fourth-generation network. As a result, compared previous generations, 5G’s increased cell density makes efficiency top priority. The objective this paper formulate end-to-end power consumption models for three different 5G radio access network (RAN) deployment architectures, namely distributed RAN, centralized RAN with dedicated...

Computational efficiency is a major challenge for evolutionary algorithm (EA)-based antenna optimisation methods due to the computationally expensive electromagnetic simulations. Surrogate model-assisted EAs considerably improve efficiency, but most of them are sequential methods, which cannot benefit from parallel simulation multiple candidate designs further speed improvement. To address this problem, new method, called surrogate hybrid differential evolution (PSADEA), proposed. The...

Numerous software packages exist for solving antenna design optimization problems, with many of these employing a variety approaches, leading, in turn, to variations performance. Antenna designers, often not fully schooled optimization, can be confused as which algorithm package should used. A wrong choice cause the failure or expending considerable time on computationally expensive 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulations involved. While it is true that various algorithms, combined complex...

This paper presents a cost-efficient design, optimization and physical implementation of compact slotted ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna for body-centric imaging applications. The proposed is initially modelled designed with the aid commercial software (CST-Microwave Studio). To ensure that design meeting required specifications reduced time, parallel surrogate model-assisted hybrid differential evolution (PSADEA) to optimize design. Based on best set geometry parameters optimum...

A metasurface (MS)-inspired low-profile circularly polarized (CP) slot array with a wide CP band and broadband low radar cross section (RCS) is proposed in this communication. The consists of four element antennas, grounded substrates, sequential-rotated feeding network. In terms radiation performance, the yields resulting from antenna achieved due to polarization conversion property MS-based superstrate. network multiple related design parameters optimized by an artificial intelligence...

An automatic artificial intelligence (AI)-driven design procedure for mutual coupling reduction and a novel isolator are proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna array. The process is driven expedited by the parallel surrogate model-assisted differential evolution synthesis (PSADEA) method. array element can switch its operation between 2.5 GHz ISM band 3.4 WiMAX band. By introducing isolator, in higher lower reduced 8 7 dB, respectively. was prototyped, measurements agree well with...

This paper presents a quadruple-band indoor base station antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G mobile communications, which covers multiple frequency bands of 0.8 - 0.96 GHz, 1.7 2.7 3.3 3.8 GHz and 4.8 5.8 has compact size with its overall dimensions 204 × 175 39 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The lower over are achieved through the combination an asymmetrical dipole parasitic patches. A stepped-impedance feeding structure is...

In this communication, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) end-fire antenna array with zero clearance is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) mobile applications using machine learning-assisted optimization. particular, novel impedance matching architecture that involves three arbitrary pad-loading metallic vias investigated and adopted the element. Due to stringent design requirements, locations sizes of pads are obtained via state-of-the-art learning assisted exploration method, parallel...

Presently, artificial intelligence (AI) is playing a leading role in our contemporary world via numerous applications. Despite its many advantages, analytical frameworks highlighting the implications of AI applications are still evolving. Particularly, manufacturing and industrial production where novel technologies continuously being harnessed. Consequently, have relatively remained gray area for engineering managers who key players gravitation toward fourth revolution more recently, fifth...

This paper explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in optimizing phase distributions a lens antenna to significantly enhance gain bandwidth and stabilize sidelobe levels at millimeter-wave band.Through an AI-driven design method (self-adaptive Bayesian neural network surrogate-model-assisted differential evolution for optimization (SB-SADEA), specifically), this work obtains distribution that provides wide stable from 24 33 GHz.A with 20 × unit cells...

The ability to measure vital signs using electromagnetic waves has been extensively investigated as a less intrusive method capable of assessing different biosignal sources while single device. On-body antennas, when directly coupled the human body, offer comfortable and effective alternative for daily monitoring. Nonetheless, on-body antennas are challenging design primarily due high dielectric constant body tissues. While simulation process may often include model, unique model cannot...

Log-periodic antenna is a special type utilized with great success in many broadband applications due to its ability achieve nearly constant gain over wide frequency range. Such antennas are extensively used electromagnetic compatibility measurements, spectrum monitoring and TV reception. In this study, log-periodic dipole array measured, simulated, then optimized the 470–860 MHz band. Two simulations of initially performed time domain respectively. The comparison between these presented...

Open resonant cavity antenna (ORCA) and its recent advances promise attractive features possible applications, although the designs reported so far are solely based on classical electromagnetic (EM) theory general perception of EM circuits. This work explores machine learning (ML)-assisted design techniques aiming to improve optimize major radiation parameters over maximum achievable operating bandwidth. A state-of-the-art method e.g., parallel surrogate model-assisted hybrid differential...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is enabling the automated design of contemporary antennas for numerous applications.Specifically, use machine learning (ML)-assisted global optimization techniques efficient modern now fast becoming a popular method.In this work, we demonstrate first time, ML-assisted high-dimensional non-uniform overlapping quasi-digitally coded microstrip patch antenna array using new AI-driven technique, called TR-SADEA (the training costreduced surrogate model-assisted hybrid...