Abstract The two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, both metabolize arachidonic acid to PGH2, the common substrate for thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostacyclin (PGI2), PGE2 synthesis. We characterized synthesis of these prostanoids in HUVECs relation COX-2 activity. Untreated HUVEC expressed only COX-1, whereas addition IL-1β caused induction COX-2. TXA2 was predominant COX-1-derived product, changed little with up-regulation by (2-fold increase). By contrast, associated large...

Abstract Background Antidepressants are used by 60% of residents long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Mirtazapine and sertraline the most commonly antidepressants, despite little safety information for their use in LTCFs. Objective To investigate risk adverse outcomes (falls, fractures, cardiovascular-, dementia-, delirium-related hospitalisations, all-cause mortality) associated with mirtazapine compared to post-LTCF entry. Design Active new user retrospective cohort study. Subjects...

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the impact of comorbid chronic diseases on mortality in older people. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective cohort study (1992–2006). Associations between numbers or mutually exclusive over 14 years, by Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for sociodemographic variables Kaplan–Meier analyses, respectively. <h3>Setting</h3> Population based, Australia. <h3>Participants</h3> 2087 randomly selected participants aged ≥65 years old, living community institutions....

Abstract Background The majority of patients with penicillin allergy labels tolerate penicillins. Inappropriate avoidance is associated increased hospitalisation, infections and healthcare costs. Aims To examine the documentation adverse drug reactions ( ADR ) in a large‐scale hospital‐based electronic health record. Methods Penicillin were extracted from 96 708 patient records Enterprise Patient Administration System South Australia. Expert criteria used to determine consistency entry...

Abstract Synthesis of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, by monocytes/macrophages can be partially regulated the eicosanoid, PGE2. We report here that inhibition both PGE2 thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis a prostaglandin H synthase inhibitor, NS-398, had no effect on either or even though addition to these treated cells dose-dependently inhibited IL-1beta synthesis. Because TXA2 is major eicosanoid product stimulated human monocytes, we examined its influence cytokine production. Inhibition...

Abstract There is an autocrine relationship between eicosanoid and cytokine synthesis, with the ratio of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/thromboxane A2 (TXA2) being one determinants level synthesis. In monocytes, cyclooxygenase type 1 (COX-1) activity appears to favor TXA2 production COX-2 PGE2 production. This has led speculation regarding possible linkage COX isozymes PGE TXA synthase. We have studied kinetics synthesis under conditions that rely on COX-1 or -2 activity. With small amounts...

in this issue…This year's top ten drug lists show that thousands of Australians are taking drugs to lower cholesterol.Jane Smith thinks there may be some inappropriate prescribing which lead unnecessary adverse effects.All medicines can cause effects.Sometimes another is prescribed treat these effects and could result a cascade, according Lisa Kalisch colleagues.one way manage cascade 'deprescribe', David Le Couteur his co-authors advise us how do this.The new for osteoporosis reviewed by...

To identify the prevalence of potentially preventable medication-related hospitalizations amongst elderly Australian veterans by applying clinical indicators to administrative claims data. Retrospective cohort study in veteran population from 1 January 2004 31 December 2008. A total 109 044 with one or more defined indicator set, during 5-year period. The as a proportion all set. During period, there were 630 008 hospital admissions which 216 527 (13.3%) for conditions set veterans. overall...

Abstract Objectives To introduce the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA) Outcome Monitoring System, which can monitor quality and safety care provided to individuals accessing residential aged care. Development examination 12 indicators their 2016 prevalence estimates are presented. Design Retrospective. Setting 2690 national 254 South Australian (SA) facilities. Participants 208 355 unique residents nationally 18 956 in SA. Main Measures Risk-adjusted high sedative load, antipsychotic...

Objective: Mental health disorders are a major concern in older people and associated with higher risk of disability, frailty early mortality. This study aimed to conduct contemporary population-based assessment the prevalence, trends factors mental individuals who living permanent residential aged care (PRAC) Australia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional was conducted using national data from Registry Senior Australians, cohort Australians had eligibility entered PRAC between 2008...

The Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA) was established to evaluate aged care experiences in Australia. In this manuscript, we describe the ROSA framework, two cohorts, highlights from research findings, and future plans.The South Australian Prospective Cohort (August 2018-June 2020) enrolled 26 605 participants, which 59.2% (N=15 745) are women, with a median age 83 (interquartile range (IQR) 77-88). National Historical (January 2002-June includes 1 694 206 participants an eligibility...

Platelet-vascular endothelial cell interactions are central to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (prostaglandin (PG)I2) major products cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolism by platelets endothelium, respectively. Here we report effects platelet-endothelial on human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) COX-2 expression prostanoid synthesis. Co-incubation with HUVECs resulted in a dose-dependent induction expression. This was accompanied relatively small...

Abstract Purpose To examine the prescribing of prochlorperazine secondary to a medicine which could lead symptoms for is indicated and commonly used. Given range potential hypotensive, sedative, dystonic other extra‐pyramidal side effects associated with prochlorperazine, its association hip fracture was also examined. Methods Prescription/event sequence symmetry analyses were undertaken from 1st January 2003 31st December 2006, using administrative claims data Department Veterans' Affairs,...

There is an increasing number of people living with multiple chronic illnesses and consequently taking medicines. More than 50% these patients will have concomitant diseases that complicate management see providers to manage their conditions. This increases risk medication-related problems, adverse events poor treatment outcomes. All are at high medication misadventure most least four which more half be resolvable. The in require the involvement pharmacists provide a cognitive services...

ABSTRACT Purpose Warfarin management in the elderly population is complex as medicines prescribed for concomitant diseases may further increase risk of major bleeding associated with warfarin use. We aimed to quantify excess bleeding‐related hospitalisation when was co‐dispensed potentially interacting medicines. Methods A retrospective cohort study undertaken over a 4‐year period from July 2002 June 2006 examine medications co‐administered patients taking using an administrative claims...