Abstract The economic dependency on fossil fuels and the resulting effects climate environment have put tremendous focus utilizing fermentable sugars from lignocellulose, largest known renewable carbohydrate source. in lignocellulose are derived cellulose hemicelluloses but these not readily accessible to enzymatic hydrolysis require a pretreatment, which causes an extensive modification of lignocellulosic structure. A number pretreatment technologies under development being tested pilot...

Working at high solids (substrate) concentrations is advantageous in enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass as it increases product and plant productivity while lowering energy water input. However, for a number substrates has been shown that increasing substrate concentration, the corresponding yield decreases fashion which can not be explained by current models knowledge enzyme-substrate interactions. This decrease undesirable offsets advantages working levels. The cause 'solids...

Abstract To improve process economics of the lignocellulose to ethanol a reactor system for enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification at high‐solids concentrations was developed. The technology is based on free fall mixing employing horizontally placed drum with horizontal rotating shaft mounted paddlers mixing. Enzymatic pretreated wheat straw tested up 40% (w/w) initial DM. In less than 10 h, structure material changed from intact particles (length 1–5 cm) into paste/liquid that could be...

Pretreatment is an essential step in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass and subsequent production bioethanol. Recent results indicate that only a mild pretreatment necessary industrial, economically feasible system. The Integrated Biomass Utilisation System hydrothermal process has previously been shown to be effective preparing wheat straw for these processes without application additional chemicals. In current work, effect on cell-wall matrix its components are characterised...

The recent discovery of accessory proteins that boost cellulose hydrolysis has increased the economical and technical efficiency processing to bioethanol. Oxidative enzymes (e.g. GH61) present in new commercial enzyme preparations have shown increase conversion yields. When using pure substrates it been determined both oxidized unoxidized cellodextrin products are formed. We report effect oxidative activity a mix (Cellic CTec2) upon overall hydrolysis, formation impact on β-glucosidase...

Microbial bioconversion of photosynthetic biomass is a promising approach to the generation biofuels and other bioproducts. However, rapid, high-yield, simple processes are essential for successful applications. Here, from rapidly growing marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was fermented using yeast into bioethanol.The accumulated total carbohydrate content about 60% cell dry weight when cultivated under nitrate limitation. The cyanobacterial cells were harvested by...

Abstract Enzymatic oxidation of cell wall polysaccharides by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) plays a pivotal role in the degradation plant biomass. While experiments have shown that LPMOs are copper dependent enzymes requiring an electron donor, mechanism and origin supply biological systems only partly understood. We show here insoluble high molecular weight lignin functions as reservoir electrons facilitating LPMO activity. The donated to enzyme long-range transfer involving...

Production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials has a promising market potential, but the process is still only at pilot/demonstration scale due to technical and economical difficulties process. Operating very high solids concentrations (above 20% dry matter-DM) proven essential for economic feasibility industrial scale. Historically, simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) was found give better yields compared separate hydrolysis (SHF), data in literature are typically based...

Biological degradation of biomass on an industrial scale culminates in high concentrations end products. It is known that the accumulation glucose and cellobiose, products hydrolysis, inhibit cellulases decrease yields. Aside from these products, however, other monosaccharides such as mannose galactose (stereoisomers glucose) yields well. NMR relaxometry measurements showed direct correlations between initial T2 liquid phase which hydrolysis takes place total production during cellulose...

Sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, and wheat straw are among the most available resources for production of cellulosic ethanol.

Abstract Commercial production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is becoming a reality, but the next step to diversify process and produce chemicals materials. These biorefineries will in many cases rely on hydrolysis carbohydrates into monosaccharides – sugar platform. Cellulases are most important enzymes required this process, complex nature lignocellulose requires several other (hemicellulases auxiliary enzymes) for efficient hydrolysis. Enzyme recycling increases catalytic...

Enzyme recycling is a method to reduce the production costs for advanced bioethanol by lowering overall use of enzymes. Commercial cellulase preparations consist many different enzymes that are important efficient and complete cellulose (and hemicellulose) hydrolysis. This abundance activities complicates enzyme since individual behave differently in process. Previously, general perception was β-glucosidases could easily be recycled via liquid phase, as they have mostly been observed not...

The amino acid profile of plants is an important parameter in assessments their growth potential, resource-use efficiency and/or quality as food and feed. Screening studies may involve large number samples but the classical analysis limited by fact that it very time consuming with typical chromatographic run times 70 min or more. We have here developed a high-throughput method for profiles plant materials. combines protein hydrolysis derivatization fast separation UHPLC detection single...

Lignin is known to hinder efficient enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose in biorefining processes. In particular, nonproductive adsorption cellulases onto lignin considered a key mechanism explain how retards cellulose extended reactions. Lignin-rich residues (LRRs) were prepared via extensive degradation corn stover (Zea mays subsp. L.), Miscanthus × giganteus stalks (MS) and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) (WS) samples that each had been hydrothermally pretreated at three severity...