Associational resistance, which refers to decreased herbivory experienced by a plant growing with heterospecific neighbors, is well documented ecological phenomenon. In contrast, studies that describe increased due neighbors (associational susceptibility) are relatively rare. this study we document associational susceptibility among hosts of the fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria). Cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia × P. fremontii) located under box elder (Acer negundo) were colonized two...

Summary Intraspecific variation in dietary breadth can influence important ecological and evolutionary processes, yet the mechanisms generating this are usually unknown. Maternally transmitted bacterial symbionts frequently infect insect herbivores, many have been shown to mediate key interactions. For polyphagous infection with particular is often strongly correlated feeding on plant species, suggesting that facultative might directly determine herbivore food specificity. However, previous...

Maternally inherited facultative endosymbiotic bacteria are common among insects, including many polyphagous insect herbivores. To investigate whether symbiont infection is structured by host plant in the aphid Aphis craccivora K och, pyrosequencing and diagnostic PCR were performed on 26 populations from two different plants, alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) or black locust Robinia pseudoacacia ). Results indicated that harbours distinctly microbial communities versus locust. The Hamiltonella...

Abstract Bactrocera dorsalis is one of the most economically important fruit flies around world. In this study, 454 pyrosequencing was used to identify bacteria associated with different developmental stages B. . At ≥ 97% nucleotide similarity, total reads could be assigned 172 Operational Taxonomic Units belonging six phyla. Proteobacteria dominated in immature while Firmicutes adult stages. The abundant families were Enterococcaceae and Comamondaceae genus Comamonas pupae whereas...

1. Infection by the bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa is capable of protecting pea aphid from parasitism Aphidius ervi and black bean Lysiphlebus fabarum . Here we investigate protection a third species, cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora , four parasitoid species: Binodoxys communis B. koreanus orientalis, colemani 2. We compared A. lines that were either infected with, or cured H. separately for species. almost completely eliminated but had no effect on L. orientalis 3. This...

Many insects are associated with heritable symbionts that mediate ecological interactions, including host protection against natural enemies. The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, is a polyphagous pest harbors Hamiltonella defensa, which defends parasitic wasps. Despite this protective benefit, symbiont occurs only at intermediate frequencies in field populations. To identify factors constraining H. defensa invasion Ap. we estimated transmission rates, performed fitness assays, and measured...

1. A series of six traction lesions the common peroneal nerve in association with a severe adduction force to knee is described. 2. The reasons for failure repair are discussed. 3. new system radiological marking anastomosis 4. less pessimistic view prognosis taken than heretofore, and management injury discussed recommendation that more conservative resection be done three months after injury.

Context. Mulga snakes (Pseudechis australis) are venomous with a wide distribution in Australia. Objective. The objective of this study was to describe mulga snake envenoming and the response antivenom therapy. Materials methods. Definite bites, based on expert identification or venom-specific enzyme immunoassay, were recruited from Australian Snakebite Project. Demographics, information about bite, clinical effects, laboratory investigations treatment recorded for all patients. Blood...

Journal Article Facultative Symbiont Hamiltonella Confers Benefits to Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), an Invasive Agricultural Pest Worldwide Get access Qi Su, Su 1College of Plant Protection, Hunan University, Changsha, 410128, P. R. China.2Department Institute Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kerry M. Oliver, Oliver 3Department Entomology, University Georgia,...

Many arthropod hosts are infected with bacterial endosymbionts that manipulate host reproduction, but few taxa have been shown to cause such manipulations. Here, we show a strain in the genus Rickettsiella causes cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) between and uninfected hosts. We first surveyed community of agricultural spider Mermessus fradeorum (Linyphiidae) using high throughput sequencing found individual spiders can be up five different strains maternally inherited symbiont from genera...

Abstract The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), harbors several bacterial symbionts, including the obligate primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum and facultative secondary symbionts Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Fritschea, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Wolbachia. roles of these are yet unknown. In this study, we tested for possible effects one symbiont, on some fitness parameters B. (biotype B) by comparing whiteflies that carry to do not. Preadult...

Bacterial endosymbionts play key roles in arthropod biology, ranging from beneficial mutualists to parasitic sex ratio manipulators. The number of described endosymbiotic bacterial taxa has accumulated continuously recent years. While the understanding arthropod–microbe interactions advanced significantly, especially model organisms, relatively little is known about symbiont distribution and effects non-model organisms. As a first step alleviate this gap understanding, we performed an...

Aphids commonly harbor bacterial facultative symbionts that have a variety of effects upon their aphid hosts, including defense against hymenopteran parasitoids and fungal pathogens. The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is infected with the symbiont Arsenophonus sp., which has an unknown role in its host. Our research goals were to document infection frequency diversity field-collected aphids, determine whether defending natural enemies. We performed diagnostic...

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), invokes substantial chemical treatment and economic cost in North America. Resistant soybean genotypes hold promise as a low-impact control methodology, but aphid "biotypes" capable of development on resistant soy cast doubt the durability resistance. We hypothesized that variation ability to colonize is partially attributable bacterial symbiont Arsenophonus. used microinjection manipulate Arsenophonus infection both virulent...

Abstract The invasive brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae), has spread in multiple locations around the world and, along with it, brought associated organisms such as endosymbionts. We investigated endosymbiont diversity and prevalence across putative native populations of this predicting lower range compared to range. First, we characterized microbial community (South Africa) (Israel United States) ranges via high throughput 16S sequencing 103 adult females....

Arthropods commonly harbor maternally-transmitted bacterial endosymbionts that manipulate host biology. Multiple heritable symbionts can co-infect the same individual, allowing these host-restricted bacteria to engage in cooperation or conflict, which ultimately affect phenotype. The spider Mermessus fradeorum is variably infected with up five symbionts: Rickettsiella (R), Tisiphia (T), and three strains of Wolbachia (W1-3). Quintuply spiders are feminized, causing genetic males develop as...