The age-crime curve, increasing to a peak in the teenage years and then decreasing, is well-known. Less well-known that it seems reflect variations prevalence (the proportion of persons who are offenders) rather than incidence rate offending by offenders). Age-crime curves for individuals do not resemble aggregate curve since does change consistently between onset termination criminal careers. This has major implications justice policy greatest residual length careers, hence potential...

An early onset of delinquency prior to age 13 years increases the risk later serious, violent, and chronic offending by a factor 2–3. Also child delinquents, compared juveniles who start at age, tend have longer delinquent careers. This article summarizes report Office Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention's Study Group on Very Young Offenders, chaired Rolf Loeber David P. Farrington. The Group, consisting 16 scholars 23 coauthors, worked for 2 preparing report, undertaking extensive...

Abstract In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, 411 South London males have been followed up from age 8 to 32. The most important childhood (age 8–10) predictors of delinquency were antisocial child behaviour, impulsivity, low intelligence and attainment, family criminality, poverty poor parental child‐rearing behaviour. Offending was only one element a larger syndrome behaviour that arose persisted into adulthood. Marriage, employment moving out fostered desistance offending....

Criminal careers have long occupied the imaginations of criminologists. Since 1986 publication National Academy Sciences report on criminal and career criminals, a variety theoretical, empirical, policy issues surfaced. Data key dimensions prevalence, frequency, specialization, desistance raised theoretical questions regarding patterning activity over life course. Recent research has identified important methodological issues, including relationship between past future activity, potential...

Bullying is repeated oppression, psychological or physical, of a less powerful person by more one. The prevalence bullying and school children quite high; in some studies, about half were bullies, over victims. Boys bully than girls, but boys girls are victimized equally. Generally, bullies aggressive, tough, strong, confident, impulsive. Victims unpopular, lonely, rejected, anxious, depressed, unwilling to retaliate, lacking self-esteem. occurs especially at places times when adult...

The point of departure for this paper is Nagin and Land (1993), who identified four distinctive offending trajectories in a sample 403 British males—a group without any convictions, “adolescence‐limiteds,”“high‐level chronics,” “low‐level chronics.” We build upon that study with detailed analysis the distinguishing individual characteristics, behaviors, social circumstances from ages 10 through 32 these groups. most salient findings concern adolescence‐limiteds. By age work records...

The main aim of this paper is to advance knowledge and (especially) theories about developmental life‐course criminology (DLC). First, I review the widely accepted DLC findings that all have been designed explain. Second, more contentious unresolved empirical issues might present challenges theories. Third, describe my own theory specify how it addresses key theoretical questions. Fourth, summarize five important theories, by Catalano Hawkins, Sampson Laub, Moffitt, LeBlanc, Thornberry...

In a recent paper published in this journal, Gottfredson and Hirschi (1986) 1 argue that the concepts of criminal careers, career criminals, selective incapacitation, prevalence, incidence, longitudinal studies all have little value for criminology. our view their misrepresents these research on topics. We are pleased to opportunity develop more clearly show relevance

Epidemiological surveys have provided key information about the prevalence and degree of seriousness at different ages a wide array problem behaviors such as delinquency, substance use, early sexual involvement, mental health disorders. Knowledge extent these problems changes in their course over time is important. In its absence, interventions planning general can be difficult. Understanding which risk protective factors are relevant to also essential for formulation theories that...

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between cognitive and affective empathy bullying. A bullying questionnaire was completed by 376 males 344 females aged about 15 in Hertfordshire. Low significantly related to for females, but not males. However, both low frequent vs. occasional total violent indirect females. Cognitive any type of or Aggr. Behav. 32:540–550. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

After decades of rigorous study in the United States and across Western world, a great deal is known about early risk factors for offending. High impulsiveness, low attainment, criminal parents, parental conflict, growing up deprived, high-crime neighborhood are among most important factors. There also body high quality scientific evidence on effectiveness prevention programs designed to prevent children from embarking life crime. Drawing latest evidence, this first book assess causes...

Abstract Background The product‐moment correlation r is widely used in criminology and psychiatry to measure strength of association. However, most criminological psychiatric variables contravene its underlying assumptions. Aim To compare statistical measures association based on dichotomous with the use . Method Explanatory for delinquency are investigated Pittsburgh Youth Study using a sample 506 boys aged 13–14. Results Dichotomization does not necessarily cause decrease measured...