Pharmacokinetics (PK) of xenobiotics can differ widely between children and adults due to physiological differences the immaturity enzyme systems clearance mechanisms. This makes extrapolation adult dosimetry estimates uncertain, especially at early postnatal ages. While there is very little PK data for environmental toxicants in children, a wealth such therapeutic drugs. Using published literature, Children's Database has been compiled which compares parameters 45 enabled comparison child...

BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) risks are being evaluated by many regulatory bodies because exposure is widespread and the potential exists for toxicity at low doses.ObjectiveWe evidence that BPA cleared more rapidly in humans than rats relation to risk assessment.DiscussionThe European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) relied on pharmacokinetic conclude rodent data not directly relevant human assessment. Further, EFSA argues rapid metabolism will result negligible during perinatal period of...

To determine the costs and health effects of interventions to combat breast, cervical, colorectal cancers in order guide resource allocation decisions developing countries.Two World Health Organization sub-regions world: countries sub-Saharan Africa with very high adult child mortality (AfrE); South East Asia (SearD).Cost effectiveness analysis prevention treatment strategies for cancer, using mathematical modelling based on a lifetime population model.Demographic epidemiological data were...

Synthetic turf fields cushioned with crumb rubber may be a source of chemical exposure to those playing on the fields. Benzothiazole (BZT) volatilize from and result in inhalation exposure. has been primary rubber-related found synthetic studies. However, risks associated BZT have not thoroughly assessed, primarily because gaps database. This assessment provides toxicity information for human health risk involving detected at five Connecticut. exerts acute is respiratory irritant dermal...

The Centers for Disease Control declared e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) a national outbreak due to the high incidence of emergency department admissions and deaths. We have identified chemical constituents in e-cig counterfeit cartridges compared these medical-grade CBD containing cartridges. Apart from vitamin E acetate (VEA) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), other potential toxicants were including solvent-derived hydrocarbons, silicon conjugated compounds,...

During the siesta, blood pressure declines like it does during night sleep. Because cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events cluster morning hours, when hemodynamic changes from nocturnal baseline are maximal, we hypothesized that an additional sleep period day (the siesta) may increase events, thus mortality.A prospective population-based cohort study of 455 70-year-old residents Jerusalem, Israel, using self-reported siesta at 6 1/2 years total mortality data.The prevalence practice was...

Abstract– The objective of this paper was to employ a functional linguistic approach explore pragmatic failure in the spontaneous speech subjects with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Patterns intonation use were compared among Asperger's syndrome (AS), high‐functioning autism (HFA), and psychiatric out‐patient controls (OPC) variety non‐specific social problems. Written transcripts audio‐recordings used measure rates various types relative amount produced. major finding study that...

Pharmacology and toxicology share a common interest in pharmacokinetic data, especially as it is available pediatric populations. These data have been critical to the clinical pharmacologist for many years designing age-specific dosing regimens. Now they are being used increasingly by toxicologists understand ontogeny of physiologic parameters that may affect metabolism clearance environmental toxicants. This article reviews wide range metabolic factors present utero early postnatal life can...

To examine the characteristics of infants suffering from failure to thrive in a community based cohort Israel and ascertain effect on their cognitive development.By review records maintained at maternal child health clinics Jerusalem two Beit Shemesh, epidemiological data were obtained age 15 months all babies born 1991. For each case thrive, matched control was selected same clinic. At 20 months, development measured, 25 home visit carried out assess psychiatric status by questionnaire,...

Background The economic burden associated with hip fractures calls for the investigation of innovative new cost-utility forms organisation and integration services these patients. Objective To carry out a analysis integrating epidemiological aspects fracture patients treated within comprehensive orthogeriatric model (COGM) care, as compared standard care (SOCM). Design A demonstration study conducted in major tertiary medical centre, operating both COGM ward orthopaedic rehabilitation wards....

In earlier work we assembled a database of classical pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., elimination half‐lives; volumes distribution) in children and adults. These data were then analyzed to define mean differences between adults various age groups. this article, first analyze the variability half‐life observations where individual exist. The major findings are as follows. groups defined analysis arithmetic (0–1 week premature; 0–1 full term; 1 2 months; 2–6 6 months years; 2–12 12–18 years)...