In multitasking systems, concurrent execution leads to an exponential growth of the state space, posing significant challenges for formal verification. This complexity is further exacerbated in hybrid systems that integrate discrete and continuous dynamics. To address these challenges, we propose model systematically verify system properties through verification methods, using synergistic checking theorem proving ensure rigorous correctness analysis. We, therefore, introduce a transformation...

This study proposes a method to determine the filter parameters required for topology method, which is radar-based noncontact measurement of heart inter-beat intervals. The effectiveness proposed evaluated by performing radar measurements involving both human participants and chimpanzee subjects. designed enable setting cutoff frequency eliminate respiratory components while maintaining higher harmonics heartbeat components. Measurements using millimeter-wave system reference contact -type...

Abstract Objectives Weaning of chimpanzees is considered to occur at 4–5‐years‐old with complete cessation nipple contact and timing reconception calculated by inter‐birth interval minus gestation length. This also the basis “early weaning” in humans (i.e., approximately 2.5‐years‐old). However, recent studies survival orphans first molar (M1) eruption wild have predicted that infants move toward nutritional independence 3‐years‐old. Therefore, this study aimed investigate ontogeny feeding...

There has been a growing interest in the application of radar technology to monitoring humans and animals their positions, motions, activities, vital signs. Radar can be used, for example, remotely measure signs such as respiration heartbeat without contact. Radar-based human sensing is expected adopted variety fields, medicine, healthcare, entertainment, but what realized by radar-based animal sensing? This paper reviews latest research trends noncontact using systems. We also present...

Heart rate is a crucial vital sign and valuable indicator for assessing the physical psychological condition of target animal. contributes to (1) fundamental information cognitive research, (2) an stress, (3) improving animal welfare captive animals, especially in nonhuman primate studies. has been measured using contact-type device; however, device burdens animals that there are risks associated with anesthesia during installation. This study explores application heartbeat measurement...

This study aimed to apply radar technology a large quadruped animal. We first developed non-contact respiration measurement system using millimeter-wave array for horse in standing position. Specifically, we measured the of stationary domestic stables. Simultaneously, rate infrared thermography and method analyzing information while verifying agreement. Our results suggested that detected breathing accurately horse, despite variation frequency. To best our knowledge, this is has been applied...

During submaximal isometric contraction, there are two different load types: production of a constant force against rigid restraint (force task), and maintenance position (position task). Previous studies reported that the time to task failure during fatigue was twice as long in compared with task. Sensory feedback processing may contribute these differences. The purpose current study determine influence types static muscle contraction tasks on gating effect, i.e., attenuation...

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS), which can modulate cortical excitability, would influence inhibitory control function when applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Young healthy adults (n = 8, mean age ± SD 24.4 4.1, six females) received following stimulations for 30 min on different days: (1) tSMS left DLPFC, (2) right and (3) sham either or DLPFC. participants performed a Go/NoGo task before,...

Afferent input caused by electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve increases corticospinal excitability during voluntary contractions, indicating that proprioceptive sensory arriving at the cortex plays fundamental role in modulating excitability. The purpose this study was to investigate whether effect on varies according type muscle contraction being performed. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were elicited transcranial magnetic (TMS) shortening contraction, an isometric or no first...

Abstract Background Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) using a small and strong neodymium (NdFeB) magnet can temporarily suppress brain functions below the magnet. It is promising non-invasive modality because of its competitive advantages such as safety, simplicity, low-cost. However, current tSMS insufficient to effectively stimulate deep areas due attenuation with distance from The aim this study was develop brand-new system for stimulation. Methods We designed...

In daily life, the meaning of color plays an important role in execution and inhibition a motor response. For example, symbolism traffic light can help pedestrians drivers to control their behavior, with green/blue go red stop. However, we don’t always stop sometimes start movement it such situation as pressing brake pedal when turns red. this regard, investigated how prior knowledge signals impacts reaction times (RTs) event-related potentials (ERPs) Go/No-go task. We set up Blue Go/Red...

Non-human primates using stones in nature provide a rare opportunity to compare directly the behaviour of use with resulting lithic artifacts. Wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) customarily do “stone handling” (SH = spontaneous, solitary, non-instrumental and seemingly playful manipulation stones). Ten populations monkeys show at least 48 behavioral variants, 13 which entail repeated stone-on-stone or stone-on-substrate contact that is likely yield recognizable wear patterns. We...

Prior knowledge of color, such as traffic rules (blue/green and red mean "go" "stop" respectively), can influence reaction times (RTs). Specifically, in a Go/No-go task, where signals were presented by light-emitting diode (LED) lighting device, RT has been reported to be longer when responding signal withholding the response blue (Red Go/Blue No-go task) than (Blue Go/Red task). In recent years, driving simulator shown effective evaluation training skills dementia stroke patients. However,...

This study proposes a method to determine the filter parameters required for topology method, which is radar-based noncontact measurement of heart inter-beat intervals. The effectiveness proposed evaluated by performing radar measurements involving both human participants and chimpanzee subjects. designed enable setting cutoff frequency eliminate respiratory components while maintaining higher harmonics heartbeat components. Measurements using millimeter-wave system reference contact-type...

Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have revealed that the activity of primary motor cortex ipsilateral to an active hand (ipsi-M1) plays important role in control. The aim this study was investigate whether ipsi-M1 excitability would be influenced by goal-directed movement and laterality during unilateral finger movements.Ten healthy right-handed subjects performed four tapping tasks with index finger: (1) simple (Tap) task, (2) Real-word (3) Pseudoword (4) Visually...

Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) can modulate human cortical excitability and behavior. To better understand the neuromodulatory effect of tSMS, this study investigates whether tSMS applied over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) modulates working memory (WM) performance its associated event-related potentials (ERPs). Thirteen healthy participants received or sham DLPFC for 26 min on different days. The performed a 2-back version n-back task before, during (20...

In this paper, a multi-agent simulation model of urban traffic behavior using Origin-Destination data and an example bus line optimization as application the are showed. model, inhabitants' behaviors travel expressed by decision inhabitant agents. They select one means mobility route optimizing their evaluation functions. There too many search candidates in decisions to calculate practical time, thus some assumptions mathematical techniques applied reduce calculation time. Route algorithms...

A driver assistance control algorithm for a vehicle with an active front steering system is proposed in this paper. The designed so as to optimize the turning performance and realize collision avoidance simultaneously under constraints on wheel turn angle lateral tire force. developed based model predictive law tracking time-varying reference signal. reduced convex quadratic programming problem.