Main conclusion The floral nectars were sucrose-dominant; however, nectar protein and amino acid contents differed, indicating that composition of nitrogenous compounds may vary considerably even between closely related plant species, irrespectively nectary structure. Numerous zoophilous plants attract their pollinators by offering nectar; an aqueous solution produced specialized secretory tissues, known as nectaries. Although many papers on nectaries already exist, there has been a little...

Nectaries are common in Ranunculaceae. These secretory structures, however, have not been studied detail despite their importance plant-animal interactions, and data relating to the structure of nectary spurs, which so characteristic several genera this family, remain scarce. In order redress imbalance, we sought, present paper, analyze anatomical ultrastructural organization spurs four representatives Ranunculaceae, i.e., Aconitum lycoctonum L., Aquilegia vulgaris Consolida regalis Gray,...

The structure of the osmophores in <i>Stanhopea graveolens</i> and <i>Cycnoches chlorochilon</i> was studied by means light microscopy (LM), scanning electron (SEM) transmission (TEM). scent glands are located basal part labellum. surface is wrinkled or rugose, which increases area fragrance emission. On epidermis, remnants secretion noticeable <i>S. graveolens</i>, but these absent <i>C. chlorochilon</i>. osmophore tissue composed secretory...

The data relating to the nectaries and nectar secretion in invasive Brassicacean taxa are scarce. In present paper, production carbohydrate composition as well morphology, anatomy ultrastructure of floral Bunias orientalis were investigated. Nectary glands examined using light, fluorescence, scanning electron transmission microscopy. quantities produced by flowers total sugar mass relatively low. Total per 10 averaged 0.3 mg. Nectar contained exclusively glucose (G) fructose (F) with overall...

In dichogamous plants, nectar characteristics (i.e. amount and its composition) can differ between sexual phases. the present study, we investigated structural organization of floral nectary, production carbohydrate composition in protandrous Chamaenerion angustifolium ( L .) S cop. O nagraceae). The receptacular nectary consisted an epidermis with numerous nectarostomata, several layers photosynthetic secretory parenchyma, subsecretory parenchyma. Nectariferous tissue was not directly...

This study on blooming biology, nectar secretion, pollen production and insect visitation of <i>Aquilegia vulgaris</i> L. was carried out in 2009 2011 Lublin. The peak flower opening during the day between 5.00 7.00 (GMT +2). flowers are protandrous with female phase beginning approx. 3rd anthesis. dynamics secretion shed from anthers (progressing central part androecium outwards) support reproductive system. amount accumulated spurs increased bud stage highest ¾ dehisced...

Summary Urban areas have a specific ecological environment and may help to sustain local pollinator populations by the cultivation of different ornamental plants with entomophilous flowers. This yearlong study examined flowering pattern, abundance flowering, pollen production as well insect visitation two cultivars shrub Potentilla fruticosa L. (‘Maanleys’ ‘Blink’), grown in Lublin; city south-eastern Poland. P. ‘Maanleys’ bloomed from middle May first decade September ‘Blink’ June until...

Blooming phenology and pollen production in the five <em>Oenothera</em> species were investigated during period of 2013–2015 Lublin area, SE Poland. The blooming was relatively long, flowering usually started middle or late June lasted until July August. studied exhibited nocturnal anthesis, i.e., flowers opened evening overnight early morning hours. Plants developed a great number per individual unit area (on average, 158 4,136, respectively), this feature appeared to be...

Flowering phenology, diurnal dynamics of blooming, insect visitation and pollen production in <em>Aconitum lycoctonum </em>L. carmichaelii </em>Debeaux were investigated 2012–2013 the Lublin area, SE Poland. <em>A. </em>occurred June/July, whereas </em>bloomed September/October. Both </em>species differed terms pattern flowering. The flowers </em>started opening at 5.00, those blooming 8.00 (GMT+2h). species number anthers per flower, size...

Abstract During the monitoring of populations Anemone sylvestris L. (Ranunculaceae), a protected species in Poland, we found that seed set is impaired. The flower considered an adaptation has coevolved to achieve effective pollination and successful fertilization. Therefore have focused on morphological anatomical characteristics flowers A. as prelude study species’ biology plant breeding system. large size (50.6 ± 16.4 mm dimensions) its bowl shape fulfil both biotic syndrome aerodynamic...

The capacity to produce seed, both by selfing and outcrossing, or mixed mating strategies, is considered a mechanism for overcoming unpredictable pollinator availability. In the present study, we investigate breeding system, insect visitations role of visitors in pollination five species Oenothera subsect. Oenothera. Field experiments showed that autonomous occurs at bud stage, prior opening flower. Control flowers similar seed set hand-pollinated flowers, whereas emasculated those subject...