While candidates regularly spend much time and effort campaigning on foreign defense policies, the thrust of prevailing scholarly opinion is that voters possess little information weak attitudes these issues, which therefore have negligible impact their voting behavior. We resolve this anomaly by arguing public policies are available cognitively accessible, has perceived clear differences between issues in recent elections, affected public's vote choices. Data indicate conclusions...

Recent findings from research on judgment and attribution processes indicate that people regard base rate data, i.e., statistical summaries of populations, as if they were uninformative. It is suggested information lacks impact because its abstract, pallid nature. In a demonstration the inefficacy abstract information, undergraduates given mean course evaluations based ratings students who previously took courses. This had little choices. contrast, brief, face‐to‐face comments about courses...

The American Psychological Association filed an amicus curiae brief supporting the validity of field stereotyping and general methods used by expert. Such legal application provides further lessons for psychological research on stereotyping. (APA) submitted to Supreme Court brief. relevant literature was heavily cited in Judge Gesell's original decision, testimony about psychology at all levels appeal review process, including Court's decision subsequent remand. Social science evidence has...

Etude meta-analytique des recherches ayant utilise le paradigme experimental de Goldberg (1968), dans but d'un examen critique conclusions sur l'evaluation plus favorable, chez les femmes, auteurs sexe masculin

The present investigation adopted a debiasing approach to the judgmental error known as conjunction fallacy (Tversky & Kahneman, 1982). Such an was used determine extent which reflects task specific misunderstanding of particular judgment problems. results suggest that (a) subjects' problems is indeed somewhat specific, and (b) can effectively lower but not eliminate conjunctive rate for do strongly implicate representativeness thinking. Educational strategies based on statistical...

A model of the relationship between attitude involvement and accessibilitywas developed tested. The specifies that leads to selective(biased) issue‐related information‐gathering strategies, which in turn produce extreme andunivalent (unambivalent) attitudes. Finally, attitudes associated with univalent extremeunderlying structures should occasion relatively little decision conflict thus be highlyaccessible. Questionnaire response data gathered a national telephone survey from twosamples...

In this note we elaborate on the conditions under which on-line and memory-based strategies of political candidate evaluation can be implemented. We suggest that structure information may an important contextual variable affecting voter's choice these strategies. addition, propose citizens with less sophistication are particularly sensitive to structural differences in environment. use experimental design manipulates information-processing context test ideas. Our results is presented plays a...

Research on issue voting indicates that the impact of a given attitude candidate appraisal process depends its personal importance or salience (e.g., Krosnick, 1988). In present research, we suggest salient attitudes may be more influential because they are cognitively accessible in memory relative to less attitudes. Results based within-subject, between-issue comparisons indicate individuals have toward issues highly them than relatively salient. also accessibility is closely associated...

The authors examined whether expert testimony serves an educational or a persuasive function. Participants watched simulated sexual abuse trial in which the child witness had been prepared for her (i.e., she was calm, composed, and confident) unprepared emotional, confused, uncertain). contained different levels of testimony: none, standard summary research), repetitive plus 2nd concrete hypothetical scenario linking research to case facts) testimony. Repetitive bolstered child's testimony,...

The concept of social capital reflects the norms and relations embedded in structure societies that enable people to coordinate community action achieve desired goals. Our research focuses on role cooperation civic political culture play addressing “digital divide” computer use Internet access. We review evidence from mail surveys randomly selected respondents two rural Minnesota communities as well qualitative focus group archival suggesting have adopted different approaches technology...

To examine the relation between degree of involvement in a task and complexity strategy subject applies to task, we randomly assigned 48 female university volunteers either dating condition (high-involvement) or one two (low-involvement) control conditions. These subjects performed covariation judgment for which likelihood their using simple complex strategies was calculated. High-involvement used more tended be accurate. data are discussed terms functionality human information processing,...

In this paper, we develop a theory about how people assess political candidates in order to arrive at basic like or dislike judgment for each candidate. We argue that deciding whether candidates, voters emphasize both the candidates' personal qualities and unique nature of campaign environment. Since initial impressions presidential are formed before make direct comparisons general election, may compare their images with intuitive ideas human most people. arriving candidate evaluations,...

This investigation examined differences in cognitive responding to a debate by individuals who were either personally involved or less legislative proposal change the state drinking age. Previous research has suggested that greater personal involvement is associated with increased motivation engage careful and extensive processing. The present study whether high-involvement subjects also more likely process information congruent their partisan interests than low-involvement individuals....