We investigated the effect of electrode area and inter-electrode distance on spatial distribution current density in transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS). For this purpose, we used finite element method to compute a four-layered spherical head model using various montages, corresponding range sizes distances. found that smaller electrodes required slightly less achieve constant value at reference point brain surface located directly under center. Under these conditions, also produced more...

Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) emergency has demonstrated that the utilization of face masks plays a critical role in limiting outbreak. Healthcare professionals utilize all day long without replacing them very frequently, thus representing source cross‐infection for patients and themselves. Nanotechnology is powerful tool with capability to produce nanomaterials unique physicochemical antipathogen properties. Here, how realize non‐disposable highly comfortable respirators...

Biomedical techniques and applications are being developed placed at the service of clinicians. An example is medical thermography, which used more often in detection certain diseases also pain distribution. Current thermography processing software has some limitations mainly because it for general does not allow identification a Region Of Interest (ROI) with specific anatomic shape. commercial usually uses regular prismatic shapes definition these regions, such as, rectangles, squares,...

Abstract Electrical stimulation (ES) has been described as a promising tool for bone tissue engineering, being known to promote vital cellular processes such cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Despite the high variability of applied protocol parameters, direct coupled electric fields have successfully osteogenic osteoinductive in vitro vivo. Our work aims study viability, differentiation human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells when subjected five different ES...

Abstract Objective . Recent technological advances are revealing the complex physiology of axon and challenging long-standing assumptions. Namely, while most action potential (AP) initiation occurs at initial segment in central nervous system neurons, distal parts has been reported to occur both physiological pathological conditions. The functional role these ectopic APs, if exists, is still not clear, nor its impact on network activity dynamics. Approach Using an electrophysiology platform...

Abstract Background Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) is the non-invasive application of light to modulate underlying brain activity. There increasing interest in evaluating tPBM as a therapeutic option. The typical technological questions are extent penetration and associated tissue temperature increases. Limited computational efforts quantify these aspects restricted simplified models. Methods We consider 3D high-resolution (1 mm) anatomically realistic head model simulate at 800 nm...

For the past few years, potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for treatment several pathologies has been investigated. Knowledge density distribution is an important factor in optimizing such applications tDCS. We use finite element method to compare three different models tDCS, where electrodes (EEG electrodes) are placed 10-10 international system coordinates. studied focality and depth at surface brain electrode configurations. show that EEG increases especially when...

The use of digital twins in tissue engineering (TE) applications is paramount importance to reduce the number vitro and vivo tests. To pursue this aim, a novel multimodal bioreactor developed, combining 3D design with numerical stimulation. This approach will facilitate reproducibility between studies platforms optimisation (physical digital) enhance TE. new was specifically designed be additive manufactured, which could not reproduced conventional techniques. Specifically, suggested allows...

This study aimed to experimentally validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, using micro-particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) measurements of the irrigation flow velocity field developed in confluent canals during with side-vented needle.A microchip canals, manufactured polydimethylsiloxane was used micro-PIV analysis needle placed 3 mm from end confluence canals. Velocity fields and profiles were recorded for rates 0.017 0.1 ml/s compared those predicted CFD numerical...

Background The field of view (FOV) considered in MRI-guided forward models electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are, as expected, limited to the MRI volume collected. Therefore, there is variation model extent across simulation efforts. This study examines impact FOV on induced electric (E-field) due two common electrode placements: right unilateral (RUL) and bilateral (BL). Methods A full-body dataset was obtained processed for modeling relevant ECT physics. Multiple extents were derived by...

PCL-PEDOT:PSS electroconductive scaffolds were combined with electrical stimulation to enhance the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells towards improved bone tissue engineering strategies.

Animals have been used as models to help better understand biological and anatomical systems, pathologies in both humans non-human species, sheep are often an vivo experimental model for orthopedic research. Gait analysis has shown be important tool biomechanics research with clinical applications. The purpose of this study was perform a kinematic using tridimensional (3D) reconstruction the hindlimb. Seven healthy were evaluated natural overground walking, motion capture right hindlimb...

In fused deposition modeling (FDM), the cooling history impacts bonding between filaments and layers. The existence of thermal gradients can cause non-homogeneous properties localized stress points that may affect individual filaments, resulting in distortion detachment. Thermal analysis aid understanding manufacturing flaw, providing necessary tools for optimization printing trajectory. present work is intended to deepen phenomena occurring during extrusion polymeric materials, aiming at...

Understanding the mechano-biological coupling mechanisms of biomaterials for tissue engineering is major importance to assure proper scaffold performance in situ. Therefore, it paramount establish correlations between biomaterials, their processing conditions, and mechanical behaviour, as well biological performance. With this work, was possible infer a correlation addition graphene nanoparticles (GPN) concentration 0.25, 0.5, 0.75% (w/w) (GPN0.25, GPN0.5, GPN0.75, respectively)...

In this study, we describe the design and fabrication of an industrial injection moulding system that can be mounted used on NCD-SWEET small-angle X-ray scattering beamline at ALBA. We show how highly useful time-resolved data obtained using system. are able to evaluate fraction material in mould cavity identify first solidify varies with temperature. The follows current practice provides opportunities collect several points within so build up a 4D perspective morphology its temporal...

Tremor is a manifestation of variety human neurodegenerative diseases, notably Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Essential (ET), both affecting millions worldwide. PD primarily caused by progressive loss dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal system that leads to widespread motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor postural instability. ET typically involves arms, hands or fingers. No definitive test biomarker yet available for ET, so rate misdiagnosis relatively high. As very common...

Osteochondral (OC) defects affect both articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Due to limitations in tissue's self-healing capabilities, OC exhibit a degenerative progression which current therapies have not yet found suitable long-term solution. Tissue engineering (TE) strategies aim fabricate tissue substitutes that recreate natural features offer better alternatives existing inefficient treatments. Scaffold design is key element providing appropriate structures for growth...

The pace of transition from prototyping to rapid manufacturing within the framework Industry 4.0 has greatly increased. This increased rate use direct digital produce commercial products takes place backdrop major societal challenge climate change. There is now an realization need make wider sustainable materials in with a much -reduced carbon foot print. It very challenging develop universal approach digitalization Material Science given broad range and that properties performance material...

We recently introduced the possibility of performing operando small-angle X-ray scattering measurements using a novel industrially relevant injection moulding system for plastics. show that useful time-resolving can be performed with time-cycle 1 s and highlight possible steps to reduce this 0.5 s. how we use transmission provide time marker when plastic first enters mould cavity in region probed by incident beam. opportunities provided experimental stage mounted on NCD-SWEET beamline at...

Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a non-invasive procedure where light applied to the scalp modulate underlying brain activity. tPBM has recently attracted immense interest as potential therapeutic option for range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. The common technological questions related this modality are extent penetration associated temperature increases. Limited computational efforts quantify these aspects restricted simplified models. We consider here 3D...