Introduction Neural circuits develop during critical periods (CPs) and exhibit heightened plasticity to adapt the surrounding environment. Accumulating evidence indicates that maturation of inhibitory circuits, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid parvalbumin-positive interneurons, plays a crucial role in CPs contributes generating gamma oscillations. A previous theory CP mechanism suggested inhibition suppresses internally driven spontaneous activity enables synaptic respond external stimuli....

Recent experimental measurements have demonstrated that spontaneous neural activity in the absence of explicit external stimuli has remarkable spatiotemporal structure. This also been shown to play a key role response stimuli. To better understand this role, we proposed viewpoint, “memories-as-bifurcations,” differs from traditional “memories-as-attractors” viewpoint. Memory recall memories-as-bifurcations viewpoint occurs when is changed an appropriate output upon application input, known...

In the cerebral cortex, excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) exhibit a long-tailed distribution. Although EPSPs induce rich neural activity, their contributions to brain function remain unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated effect of dynamics induced by synaptic weights constructing reservoir computing (RC) model and comparing memory capacity predictive accuracy for nonlinear time-series between RCs, with without strong weights. The results revealed that significantly enhance RC...

Sequential transitions between metastable states are ubiquitously observed in the neural system and underlying various cognitive functions such as perception decision making. Although a number of studies with asymmetric Hebbian connectivity have investigated how sequences generated, focused simple Markov ones. On other hand, fine recurrent networks trained supervised machine learning methods can generate complex non-Markov sequences, but these vulnerable against perturbations biologically...

We propose a novel associative memory model wherein the neural activity without an input (i.e., spontaneous activity) is modified by to generate target response that memorized for recall upon same input. Suitable design of synaptic connections enables memorize input/output (I/O) mappings equaling 70% total number neurons, where evoked distinguishes pattern from others. Spontaneous shows chaotic dynamics but keeps some similarity with activities, as reported in recent experimental studies.

The authors show that repeated learning decorrelates memory representations, resulting in higher performance than other classical models. Such enhancement depends on the relationship between neural dynamics and synaptic plasticity. model's spontaneous activity is shaped by learning, to exhibit chaotic with intermittent correlations learned memories, as consistent experimental observations.

In the brain, external objects are categorized in a hierarchical way. Although it is widely accepted that represented as static attractors neural state space, this view does not take account interaction between intrinsic dynamics and input, which essential to understand how system responds inputs. Indeed, structured spontaneous activity without inputs known exist, its relationship with evoked activities discussed. Then, categorical representation embedded into has be uncovered. To address...

Learning is a process that helps create neural dynamical systems so an appropriate output pattern generated for given input. Often, such memory considered to be included in one of the attractors systems, depending on initial state specified by Neither activities observed absence inputs nor changes caused activity when input provided were studied extensively past. However, recent experimental studies have reported existence structured spontaneous and its provided. With this background, we...

Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is significantly associated with cognitive function. Its imbalance impairs function, particularly in patients psychiatric disorders. Recent physiological and modeling findings show that excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) have a long-tailed distribution contribute to the generation of spontaneous activity. Moreover, this activity its response external stimulus alternate under different E/I balance. However, effects EPSPs at functional level remain...

During the execution of working memory tasks, task-relevant information is processed by local circuits across multiple brain regions. How this multiarea computation conducted remains largely unknown. To explore such mechanisms in spatial memory, we constructed a neural network model involving parvalbumin-positive, somatostatin-positive, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive interneurons hippocampal CA1 superficial deep layers medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Our based on hypothesis...

Learning in neural systems occurs through change synaptic connectivity that is driven by activity. performance influenced both activity and the task to be learned. Experimental studies suggest a link between learning speed variability before learning. However, theoretical basis of this relationship has remained unclear. In work, using principles from fluctuation-response relation statistical physics, we derive two formulae connect with speed. The first formula shows proportional variance...

Abstract The frontal cortex-striatum circuit plays a pivotal role in adaptive goal-directed behaviours. However, the mediation of decision-related signals through cross-regional transmission between medial cortex and striatum by neuronal ensembles remains unclear. We analysed ensemble activity obtained simultaneous multiunit recordings secondary motor (M2) dorsal (DS) while rats performed an outcome-based choice task. Tensor component analysis (TCA), unsupervised dimensionality reduction...

Abstract Recent findings indicate significant variations in neuronal activity timescales across and within cortical areas, yet their impact on cognitive processing remains inadequately understood. This study explores the role of neurons with different information neural system, particularly during execution context-dependent working memory tasks. Especially, we hypothesized that varying contribute distinctively to task performance by forming diverse representations task-relevant information....

The frontal cortex-striatum circuit plays a pivotal role in adaptive goal-directed behaviors. However, it remains unclear how decision-related signals are mediated through cross-regional transmission between the medial cortex and striatum by neuronal ensembles making decision based on outcomes of past action. Here, we analyzed ensemble activity obtained simultaneous multiunit recordings secondary motor (M2) dorsal (DS) rats performing an outcome-based left-or-right choice task. By adopting...

Summary During the execution of working memory tasks, task-relevant information is processed by local circuits across multiple brain regions. How this multi-area computation conducted remains largely unknown. To explore such mechanisms in spatial memory, we constructed a neural network model involving parvalbumin-positive, somatostatin-positive and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive interneurons hippocampal CA1 superficial deep layers medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Our based on...

Animals are often required to adequately respond novel stimuli on the basis of their previous sensory experiences. To investigate neural mechanism underlying this sensory-guided decision making, we conducted multiunit recordings from rats performing a two-alternative choice task. The were trained make LEFT or RIGHT in response two auditory cues, and then behavior was tested for these familiar cues other cues. Their probabilities generally varied graded manner such that probability choosing...