A5091780644- Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
- Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
- Graphene research and applications
- Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Fullerene Chemistry and Applications
- Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Nanotechnology research and applications
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Crime, Deviance, and Social Control
- Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
- Electrostatics and Colloid Interactions
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
National Institute of Standards and Technology
2016-2025
National Institute of Standards
2016-2025
Materials Science & Engineering
2016-2025
New York Law School
2009-2024
Columbia University
2011-2022
Institute of Criminology
1998-2022
Material Measurement Laboratory
2011-2021
NIST Center for Neutron Research
2021
New York University
1987-2016
Boston University
2016
Recent studies by police departments and researchers confirm that stop persons of racial ethnic minority groups more often than whites relative to their proportions in the population. However, it has been argued rates accurately reflect crimes committed each group, or elevated specific social areas, such as neighborhoods precincts. Most research on police–citizen interactions focused traffic stops, analyses pedestrian stops are rare. In this article we analyze data from 125,000 New York...
Past research indicates that legitimacy encourages compliance with the law.This study extends consideration of influence by exploring its impact on cooperation police and neighbors to combat crime in one's community.It uses a panel design focuses upon residents New York City.The finds shapes has lesser others community.Consistent findings prior research, itself is found be linked justice procedures used exercise their authority.Finally, explores personal experience cooperation.Results...
An examination of the influence street stops on legal socialization young men showed an association between number police they see or experience and a diminished sense legitimacy. This was not primarily consequence degree intrusion during those stops. Rather, impact involuntary contact with mediated by evaluations fairness actions judgments about whether were acting lawfully. Whether viewed as exercising their authority fairly lawfully shaped respondents' general Fairness lawfulness...
The distribution of nanoparticles in different aqueous environments is a fundamental problem underlying number processes, ranging from biomedical applications to their effects on the environment, health, and safety. Here, we study carbon nanotubes (CNTs) two immiscible phases formed by addition polyethylene glycol (PEG) dextran. This well-defined model system exhibits strikingly robust phenomenon: CNTs spontaneously partition between PEG- dextran-rich according nanotube's diameter...
Aqueous two-phase extraction is demonstrated to enable isolation of single semiconducting and metallic single-wall carbon nanotube species from a synthetic mixture. The separation rapid robust, with remarkable tunability via modification the surfactant environment set for separation.
New structural characteristics emerge when solid-state crystals are constructed in lower dimensions. This is exemplified by single-wall carbon nanotubes, which exhibit a degree of freedom handedness and multitude helicities that give rise to three distinct types electronic structures: metals, quasi-metals, semiconductors. Here we report the use intrinsically chiral single-stranded DNA achieve simultaneous helicity control for all nanotubes. We apply polymer aqueous two-phase systems select...
Youth gangs are a major part of the urban landscape. Gang members always have been involved in collective and individual violence and, recent years, drug use dealing. Involvement dealing recently has associated with increased among gangs. However, variation organizational social processes within suggests that there also will be drug‐crime relationships gang members. Analyses were conducted from interviews 151 three cities. Four types identified, similar observed All had high involvement use,...
The relationship between routine work stress and psychological distress was investigated among 733 police officers in three US cities, during 1998‐1999. Work Environment Inventory (WEI) developed to assess exposure stressors, while excluding duty‐related traumatic stressors (critical incidents). WEI its general properties are presented. is then explored. Exposure predicted ( r = 0.46), as well post‐traumatic symptoms following officers’ most career incident s 0.26 0.39). Multivariate...
Evidence of an association between use illicit substances and aggressive behavior is pervasive. But the precise causal mechanisms by which aggression influenced intoxicants are still not well understood. Research on intoxication often has overlooked nonviolent most substance users, controlled substances, evidence from other cultures a weak or nonexistent relation aggression. There only limited that ingestion direct, pharmacological cause The temporal order does indicate role for intoxicants....
While youth violence has always been a critical part of delinquency, the modern epidemic is marked by high rates gun violence. Adolescents in cities possess and carry guns on large scale, are often at scene violence, used. Guns play central role initiating, sustaining, elevating The demand for among was fueled an "ecology danger," comprising street gangs, expanding drug markets with intrinsic levels adult fatalities, cultural styles possession carrying. became symbols respect, power,...
Patterns of "stop and frisk" activity by police across New York City neighborhoods reflect competing theories aggressive policing. "Broken Windows" theory suggests that with greater concentrations physical social disorder should evidence higher stop frisk activity, especially for "quality life" crimes. However, while informs quality life policing strategies, observed patterns suggest neighborhood characteristics such as racial composition, poverty levels the extent disorganization are...
The use of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in current and future applications depends on the ability to process SWCNTs a solvent yield high-quality dispersions characterized by individual possessing minimum SWCNT bundles. Many approaches for dispersion have been reported. However, there is no general assessment which compares relative quality efficiency respective methods. Herein we report quantitative comparison "wrapping polymers" including oligonucleotides, peptides, lignin,...
This research uses a quasi‐experimental design to evaluate the impact of Project Safe Neighborhood (PSN) initiatives on neighborhood‐level crime rates in Chicago. Four interventions are analyzed: (1) increased federal prosecutions for convicted felons carrying or using guns, (2) length sentences associated with prosecutions, (3) supply‐side firearm policing activities, and (4) social marketing deterrence norms messages through justice‐style offender notification meetings. Using individual...
The effect of sanctions on subsequent criminal activity is central theoretical importance in criminology. A key question for juvenile justice policy the degree to which serious offenders respond and/or treatment administered by court. germane this debate finding level confinement within system that maximizes public safety and therapeutic benefits institutional confinement. Unfortunately, research issue has been limited with regard offenders. We use longitudinal data from a large sample two...
The Critical Incident History Questionnaire indexes cumulative exposure to traumatic incidents in police by examining incident frequency and rated severity. In over 700 officers, event severity was negatively correlated (r(s) = -.61) with of exposure. Cumulative indices that varied emphasis on severity-using both nomothetic idiographic methods-all showed satisfactory psychometric properties similar correlates. All were only modestly related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms....
Scalable separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)by length and chirality is critical to the adaptation these materials for applications. Ultracentrifugation SWCNTs within a density gradient produces chiral NTs, it shown here that ultracentrifugation can also be used produce fractionated by exploiting their transient motion in response applied centripetal acceleration.