Underwater mobile acoustic sensor networks are promising tools for the exploration of oceans. These require new robust solutions fundamental issues such as: localization service data tagging and networking protocols communication. All these tasks closely related with connectivity, coverage deployment network. A realistic mobility model that can capture physical movement nodes ocean currents gives better understanding on above problems. In this paper, we propose a novel physically-inspired...

Consider the problem of horizontal convection: a Boussinesq fluid, forced by applying non-uniform temperature at its top surface, with all other boundaries insulating. We prove that if viscosity, ν, and thermal diffusivity, κ, are lowered to zero, σ ≡ ν/κ fixed, then energy dissipation per unit mass, also vanishes in this limit. Numerical solutions two-dimensional case show despite anti-turbulence theorem, convection exhibits transition eddying flow, provided Rayleigh number is sufficiently...

Underwater sensor networks (USN) are used for harsh oceanographic missions where human operation is dangerous or impossible. Localization essential USNs. It required data tagging, node tracking and position-based routing algorithms. challenging because Global Positioning System(GPS) not available in underwater; at the same time, existing GPS-less schemes based on fixed landmarks have high communication cost. Such cost critical mobile underwater (MUSN), since nodes drift with ocean currents,...

Corals in the Persian/Arabian Gulf are most thermally tolerant world, but live very near thresholds of their thermal tolerance. Warming sea temperatures associated with climate change have resulted numerous coral bleaching events regionally since mid-1990s, it has been unclear why unusually warm occur some years not others. Using a combination five observed sea-bottom at three reef sites and meteorologically-linked hydrodynamic model that extends through past decade, we show summer tightly...

Abstract The nations on the shoreline of Arabian/Persian Gulf are world’s largest users desalination technologies, which essential to meet their freshwater needs. Desalinated production is projected rapidly increase in future decades. Thus, concerns have been raised that activities may result non-negligible long-term, basin-wide increases salinity, would widespread detrimental effects marine ecosystems, with ripple fisheries, as well impacting themselves. We find current yearly desalinated...

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) experienced unprecedented rainfall on 16th April 2024, with Al-Ain recording 254 mm and Dubai 142 in a single day, driven by Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). This extreme event resulted from the interaction of cold air higher latitudes pushed eastward subtropical jetstream warm, moist Arabian Sea. unusually high sea surface temperature (SST) Sea, reaching 30.5°C (1°C above 40-year average), was influenced El Niño one strongest...

Global warming is intensifying the frequency and severity of extreme heat events, significantly impacting human thermal comfort (HTC), particularly in vulnerable regions such as United Arab Emirates (UAE). Heat waves rank among most dangerous natural hazards, directly affecting public health well-being. Vulnerable populations, including children, elderly, individuals with pre-existing conditions, face heightened risks. The UAE, classified a hyper-arid desert region its major cities located...

The Arabian Gulf (also known as Persian Gulf, hereafter Gulf) is a shallow semi-enclosed subtropical sea for its extreme physical environment. Recent observations suggest decline in oxygen concentrations the over past few decades accompanied by an expansion of seasonal near-bottom hypoxia. Here, we reconstruct evolution dissolved from 1982 through 2010 and explore controlling factors. To this end, use eddy-resolving hindcast simulation forced with winds heat freshwater fluxes atmospheric...

We report on high-resolution, three-dimensional, high Rayleigh number, and low density ratio numerical simulations of fingering convection. observe a previously unreported phenomenon self-organization fingers that cluster together to form larger-scale coherent structures. The flow ultimately forms staircases, alternating well-mixed regions with convective zones. give evidence the mechanical mixing induced by clusters staircases mechanism analogous staircase formation in stably stratified,...

We present an innovative non-destructive approach based on the analysis of acoustoelastic effect for monitoring applied and residual stress in materials structures. The proposed can be considered as base a structures system. solid bodies, i.e., correlation between acoustic properties state, may suitably exploited experimental purposes. To this aim, relevant modeling issues should overcome. Indeed, usual theoretical framework measurements is so-called third-order elasticity, use coefficients,...

The surface mixed layer of the ocean is often characterized by thermohaline compensation and alignment. That is, temperature salinity gradients tend to be parallel cancel in their contribution density. In this paper a combination theoretical arguments numerical simulations presented investigate how alignment emerge as result processes at work within layer. dynamics investigated through simple model that couples nonlinear diffusive parameterization for horizontal transports with stirring...

Biovolume is commonly used as a size descriptor in the study of phytoplankton ecology. Usually, biovolume not measured directly but obtained from standardized set geometric models based on linear dimensions by light microscopy. This method allows visualization and measurement two (2D) yielding no information at all third dimension cells. Inaccurate assessment resulting approximation leads to erroneous interpretation eco-physiological processes morpho-functional traits. Here, we use confocal...

During the summer Arabian Gulf is world's warmest sea, also characterized by hypersalinity and extreme annual temperature fluctuations (12–35 o C), making it marginal for coral growth. Yet extensive reefs occur in all eight nations bordering Gulf. Here we present data demonstrating recurrent hypoxia events [oxygen concentration (O 2 ) <2 mg l −1 ] at a reef southern Currently these episodes are short enough (median 3 h, max 10 h) to preclude mass mortality. Will this always be case?...

Individual resource ingestion rates depend on both individual body size and supply. A component of the latter, namely availability, is also body‐size dependent. This raises question adequacy simple scaling laws to describe dependency ingestion. Here we propose a model which integrates drivers by merging law for feeding metabolism Holling's functional responses into single mathematical framework. At any fixed level supply, predicts log‐log concave‐down relationship between size, rather than...

The Mediterranean region is one of the hot spots climate change. This study aims at understanding what are conditions sustaining tree diversity in wet forests under future scenarios altered hydrological regimes. core work a quantitative, dynamic model describing coexistence different species, typical arid or semi-arid wetlands. Two kind i.e. Hygrophilous (drought sensitive, flood resistant) and Non-hygrophilous resistant, sensitive), broadly defined according to distinct adaptive strategies...

Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites have emerged as reliable strengthening materials especially for historical masonry constructions. Their effectiveness strongly depends on the bond at matrix-fibers interface and matrix-substrate interface; thus, analysis of FRCM behavior is crucial relevance. The strong diffusion reinforcement concrete constructions requires suitable experimental techniques assessing possible defects in adhesion between masonry, layers. To this aim,...

We study the dynamics of passively advected tracers in Antarctic polar vortex, using wind fields provided by European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts' (ECMWF) analysis from August to October 1993. Advection on both isopycnal (0.0938 kg/m 3 ) and isentropic surfaces (470°K) is considered. A new definition vortex edge, identified as maximum kinetic energy, compared with based gradient Ertel potential vorticity. Using energy criterion, we permeability framework launch strategy...

Underwater mobile acoustic sensor networks are promising tools for the exploration of oceans. These require new robust solutions fundamental issues such as: localization service data tagging and networking protocols communication. All these tasks closely related with connectivity, coverage deployment network. A realistic mobility model that can capture physical movement nodes ocean currents gives better understanding on above problems. In this paper, we propose a novel physically-inspired...