Education systems are made up of individuals, groups, identities, cultures, institutions, discourses, networks, histories, relationships, and so on. In other words, educational complex. Enter into this complexity the issue inclusion from/for a heterogenous society how these complex can be designed – specifically for our purposes analysed. article, we propose new conceptual framework assisting in understanding systems: Complex Educational Systems Analysis (CESA), its visual representation via...

International tests of achievement narrowly measure specific academic subjects, but have larger educational policy implications. These come to summarize national education systems and are used in international discourse. However, students with disabilities being entirely excluded from participation the discourse achievement. The Trends Mathematics Science Study, Progress Reading Literacy Programme for Student Assessment all actively exclude measured when testing agencies set up 'desired...

The Himalayan country of Bhutan has witnessed monumental social and cultural changes in only the last fifty years with implementation institutionalization mass secular schooling. This “modern” schooling also served to newly sort, produce, construct “disabled” persons. Through a year ethnographic fieldwork, I explored this construction disability through institution have organized these observations into four forms: physical, pedagogical, curricular, linguistic.

This study – a year-long ethnographic exploration of disability and education in Bhutan finds that two dominant discourses around ‘disability’ are entering simultaneously: the discourse medical model social or human rights disability. In this paper, I argue these especially exposed Bhutanese context to be opposing forces shaping local conceptualisation construction ‘disability’. By examining case, it can seen kinds disparate contentious exogenous constructions occur everywhere world...

This paper traces religious scriptural conceptualization and praxis of disability through pre-monotheistic Hellenic, Judeo-Christian, Islamic eastern contexts. Secular-rationalistic the medical model is discussed situated within its origins Judeo-Christian ethics. especially relevant in history eugenics. Universalization social contrasted with increase faith-based organizations development practice that bring their own world-views. I argue understanding historical conceptualizations are...

One of the fundamental debates in education is on what schools should teach, and balance between academic content role school to teach non-cognitive skills traits. This article explores how teachers think about, experience, their roles responsibilities beyond merely deliverers curricular content. We conducted focus groups classroom observations England Bhutan. In each case, we discuss policy context surrounding society, this translates themselves. comparison found some convergence expression...

In this introduction to the special issue, we argue that inclusive education research should move beyond a traditional 'deficit' approach, rooted in education. The articles contained issue represent new ways of conceptualizing, researching, and exploring inclusivity sum, makes case requires complex systems approach analysis advocacy recognizes multiple layers, actors, sites. Specifically, any way understanding needs foreground participants, practitioners, end-users. We believe researching...

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives and affected different nations in ways. In Algeria, education been hit hard by the lockdown as schools embarked on a total closure to stop spread of virus. For students their parents, such meant limited access support embodied school. This qualitative study explored school experiences parents children with special educational needs (SEN). Twenty-three five SEN were recruited study. Data was collected means semi-structured interviews, using online...

Bhutan is a country known for happiness.In the 1970s, Fourth Druk Gyalpo [Dragon King] of established development philosophy Gross National Happiness (GNH).However, using 'happiness' as measurement social and economic does not mean that all Bhutanese are 'happy' themselves.Schools -including higher education -can be stressful places in Bhutan, there little support or resources mental health wellbeing needs students.In this article, we explore experiences perceptions both students staff...

This article traces the shutdown of large-scale assessment in two countries – United States and Denmark as a result COVID-19 pandemic. These countries, which have complicated histories with inclusion diverse students, were forced to adjust their testing agendas during 2020. seeks explore what divergent convergent pathways could take regard assessment, particularly educational diversity. Large-scale regimes at once delimit imaginary actively promote segregation ability-based tracking, but...

Disability-inclusive education and development have become priorities for global governance organizations over the past decade thus introduced new complexities to existing narratives. One reason this is long-standing discourse of “disability models” (medical, social, cultural models) most often found in disability studies discourses. This study demonstrates that individuals with disabilities their advocates navigate opportunities through lens multiple models simultaneously. In article, we...

This article explores Myanmar teachers' and community stakeholders' constructions of disability. We examine how various religious perspectives – particularly Buddhism inform shape understandings impairment these beliefs intersect with a strongly medicalised construction However, in our discussion exploration the responses, we also found that notion two primary disability 'models' namely medical model social lack nuance, complexity, socio-cultural consideration. Through examining members'...