Abstract Nanocomposites are the dominating class of nanomaterials to come into consumer contact, and were in general assumed pose low risk. The first data is now emerging on exposure from nanocomposites, but little yet known about their hypothetical nanospecific physiological effects, giving ample room for speculation. For time, this comprehensive study addresses these aspects a systematic series thermoplastic cementitious nanocomposite materials. Earlier reports that ‘chalking’, release...

Intended for use in high performance applications where electrical conductivity is required, we developed a CNT-TPU composite. Such composite can be prepared by melt processing (extrusion) on an industrial scale. Due to the known hazard upon inhalation of CNTs, assessed three degradation scenarios that may lead release CNTs from composite: normal use, machining and outdoor weathering. Unexpectedly, find relative softness material actually enhances embedding also its fragments. A free was not...

The sensitivity of amperometric sensors is typically set by the rate diffusion analyte to electrode surface, so determining coefficients in various electrolyte solutions fundamental interest. It has been theoretically shown and verified that electrochemically generated analytes can be determined using electrochemical time flight (ETOF), a method uses an array which one generates Red/Ox species, measures times collecting electrodes differing distances from stationary generator. ETOF potential...

Josef Albers' Structural Constellations series, created between 1948 and 1966, represents a pioneering exploration of plastic laminates as an artistic medium. Leveraging the unique properties these materials, including their smooth surfaces, vibrant coloration, precision in router engraving, Albers machine-engraved works featuring intricate geometric compositions. This study combines archival research with scientific analysis to examine over fifty artworks samples from Anni Foundation...

Chemically exfoliated MoS2 was covalently functionalized and characterized as a chemically sensitive vapor sensor using changes in dc electrical resistance to detect variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Regardless the polarity functionality introduced surface, sensors derived from showed high sensitivity for polar nonpolar VOCs. Additionally, with trifluoromethyl benzyl bromide exhibited very vapors relative response 2H MoS2, 1T′ or carbon black/polymer composite chemiresistive...

Inorganic phototropic growth, a maskless, lithography-free process, enabled generation of CdSe films with highly ordered, optically-defined nanotextures over macroscale areas.

Photoelectrochemical deposition of Se–Te on isolated Au islands using an unstructured, incoherent beam light produces growth alloy toward the direction incident beam. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations absorption indicated that induced spatial anisotropy was a function asymmetric in evolving deposit. Inorganic phototropic is analogous to biological systems such as palm trees exhibit wherein physical extension plant guides crown time-averaged position sun, maximize solar harvesting.

Plants exhibit phototropism in which growth is directed toward sunlight and demonstrate morphological plasticity response to changes the spectral distribution of incident illumination. Inorganic phototropic via template-free, light-directed electrochemical deposition semiconductor material can spontaneously generate highly ordered mesostructures with anisotropic, nanoscale lamellar features that a pitch proportional wavelength (λ) stimulating In this work, Se-Te films were generated two-step...

We report herein that synergistic light absorption in the optical near-field enables nanoscale self-organization during inorganic phototropic growth. Se–Te was grown electrochemically under illumination from an incoherent, unstructured source geometrically constrained, wavelength scale areas. Despite limited dimensions, with as few two discrete features produced a single sub-micron dimension, deposit morphology exhibited defined order and anisotropy. Computer modeling analysis of simulated...

We describe herein a path-dependent "history" effect wherein the film morphology generated in second step of two-step inorganic phototropic growth process depends on preexisting structure that has been first grown under different optical stimulation conditions. Se–Te with static illumination exhibited highly anisotropic lamellar characteristic feature pitch proportional to input wavelength. Growth using short wavelength light, followed by longer wavelength, resulted second-stage exhibiting...

Passivating defective regions on monolayer graphene with metal oxides remains an active area of research for device integration. To effectively passivate these regions, a water-free atomic layer deposition (ALD) recipe was developed and yielded selective-area ALD (sa-ALD) mixed-metal onto line defects in graphene. The anisotropically deposited film targeted high-energy defect sites that were formed during synthesis or transfer the layer. passivating exceeded 10 nm thickness minimal basal...

Fully depletable pn CCD's on high resistivity 280 pm thick silicon (e e:-, 2.5 kIlcm) have been fabricated. Their operation is based the semiconductor drift chamber principle proposed by Gatti and Rehak. They are designed as energy position sensitive radiation detectors for X-rays (minimum-) ionizing particles. Two-dimensional device modeling demonstrates basic charge transfer mechanisms. Prototypes of tested in quasistatic dynamic conditions. A preliminary inefficiency e, has determined to...

Lithographically patterned substrates were used as templates of optical scatterers that seeded the inorganic phototropic growth Se–Te. Relative to films grown on nominally featureless substrates, having demonstrated much improved Se–Te pattern fidelities and a narrower distribution film spatial periods, quantified by Fourier spectrum analysis. Full-wave electromagnetic modeling Monte Carlo simulations with in good agreement patterns observed experimentally. Additional performed investigate...

Ni–P films that are catalytically active for the hydrogen-evolution reaction were electrodeposited onto photoactive Si substrates between 20 °C and 80 °C.

Inclination of unpatterned, linearly polarized illumination in the plane electric field oscillation effected increased directional feature alignment and decreased off-axis order Se-Te deposits generated by inorganic phototropic growth relative to that produced using normal incidence. Optically based simulations reproduced experimental results indicating a photonic basis for morphology change. Modeling light scattering at interface revealed inclination enhances localizes optical along...

Semiconducting chalcogen films consisting of high-fidelity, periodic nanoscale elements displaying significant structural anistotropy were deposited using a light-guided electroplating technique without any lithographic processing. The direction the material growth with respect to substrate was controlled by manipulating light propagation vector. Thus, morphological determination structures guided in same manner as sunflowers and palm trees are sun, natural phototropism. Additional...

Template-free photoelectrochemical deposition of semiconducting Se-Te films spontaneously produces highly ordered subwavelength scale 3D nanostructures with significant anisotropy and periodicity. The degree direction can be tuned by the input polarization feature size pitch wavelength. optical control resultant physical morphology is a consequence material self-optimizing to maximize light collection. Here we investigated capability mimic natural phototropism exhibited sunflowers palm trees...

Chalcogen and chalcogenide semiconductor materials photoelectrochemically deposited from aqueous precursors, yield highly periodic nanostructured films over macroscopic square centimeter areas without the use of lithographic processing nor templating agents (ligands, surfactants, etc.). The in-plane feature morphology is controlled by illumination utilized during growth: extremely anisotropic lamellar-type features can be generated simply using linearly polarized light periodicity modulated...

A uniform, incoherent beam of light can exert control over the morphology and growth direction an evolving, inorganic semiconductor film in three-dimensional space. This phenomenon is emergent process that has been observed light-directed deposition semiconducting chalcogen alloys results generation highly anisotropic nanostructures. Such evolution similar to natural phototroposism exhibited by many photosynthetic plants, including palm trees sunflowers, wherein physical extension biological...

Electrodeposition of chalcogen alloy films under illumination can spontaneously generate nanopatterned with significant periodic and multi-dimensional order. The feature sizes, periodicities, anisotropies, orientations the nanoscale pattern be controlled by manipulating input optical excitation. Isotropic morphologies consisting ordered arrays nanopores were generated using unpolarized whereas linearly polarized light resulted in highly-anisotropic nanoridge/trough in-plane orientation...