The paper examines the validity of assuming that granular material behaviour can be considered as cross-anisotropic, linear elastic, within a kinematic ‘kernel’ yield surface is dragged through stress space with current effective point. Data from more than 300 high-resolution triaxial probing and bender element tests performed on 15 samples are reported in which both small cycles shear wave measurements vertical horizontal directions were conducted sand glass ballotini specimens under...

This contribution provides high-fidelity images of real granular materials with the aid X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT), and employs a multi-sphere representation to reconstruct non-spherical particles. Through discrete-element method (DEM) simulations samples composed these clumps, effect particle shape on macroscopic mechanical response microscopic soil fabric evolution is examined for assemblies under triaxial compression. Simulation results indicate that more irregular particles...

The first part of the paper describes precision and long-term stability that are required in triaxial stress-strain measurements stress-path control systems to obtain reliable information on creep granular media. It is shown membrane penetration sample end compliance must be accounted for lubricated ends local strain essential. temperature sensitivity each transducer also needs assessed, even when working a temperature-controlled laboratory. second presents illustrative data were obtained...

Suffusion is a type of internal erosion, namely, the transportation soil driven by seepage force finer fractions within coarser fractions. The present work uses triaxial confining compression tests to study how small degree suffusion affects stiffness and deformation. This approach allows inside specimen impose downward flow. Although not detectable, it can lead deterioration earth structures. Linear displacement transducers clip gages were attached specimens accurately measure localized...

Soil arching is an important phenomenon in the discussion on soil-structure interactions. can increase stresses exerted a buried structure, while absence of soil often results differential surface settlement due to difference stiffness between structure and surrounding subsoil. In this investigation, model tests were conducted relate particle-scale responses non-cohesive granular soils development using spherical glass beads two types sandy soil. The trapdoor test apparatus, equipped with...

The behaviour of gap-graded granular materials – that is, mixtures coarse and cohesionless finer grains with measurable differences in particle size does not always conform to established frameworks sand behaviour. Prior research has revealed the role particles on stress–strain response, liquefaction resistance internal stability non-cohesive soils is significant complex, highly dependent both volumetric proportion material ratio particles. Quantifying participation stress transmission...

The liquefaction phenomena of sands have been studied by many researchers to date. Laboratory element tests revealed key factors that govern phenomena, such as relative density, particle size distribution, and grain shape. However, challenges remain in quantifying inherent anisotropy evaluating its impact on phenomena. This contribution explores the effect mechanical response granular materials using discrete method. Samples composed spherical particles are prepared which approximately same...

Small-strain shear stiffness (G 0 ) is an essential parameter to predict deformation characteristics and dynamic properties of granular materials. It empirically known that G increases with decreasing a void ratio (e increasing isotropic stress level (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll" altimg="eq-00001.gif"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>). Recently, the...

Abstract Anisotropy plays a significant role in many geotechnical problems. This paper describes how the anisotropic stiffness properties of soils may be assessed through stress path triaxial tests. Local strain instrumentation has been optimised to identify linear elastic region sand without sacrificing ability study behavior at strains up 15%; system described performs equally well with sands, silts and clays. A novel technique developed which multi-directional shear wave velocity...

Poisson's ratios and small-strain stiffnesses of three kinds granular materials—fine, medium coarse, coarse sands—were evaluated in the laboratory. Both axial radial strains cylindrical triaxial specimens were measured with a local deformation transducer clip gauges. Small-strain (≈0.001 %) cyclic loadings applied vertical direction at several isotropic stress states. We determined ratio statically based on strain variations during loadings; we also investigated stiffness parallel. In...

Accurate design of geotechnical structures requires precise estimation the shear wave velocity (Vs) and small-strain modulus. However, interpretation Vs data measured in deformed/sheared soil has not been extensively considered. This study used a triaxial apparatus equipped with planar piezoelectric transducers to monitor evolution during compression cohesionless soils. Recognizing that grain shape surface characteristics affect overall mechanical response granular materials, various natural...