Abstract Amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates into two distinct fibril and amorphous forms in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a biological hydrotrope that causes Aβ to form inhibit formation at physiological concentrations. Based on diffracted X-ray blinking (DXB) analysis, dynamics significantly increased immediately after ATP was added compared those absence presence ADP AMP, effect diminished 30 min as formed. In ATP, β-sheet content gradually from...

Novel π-conjugated polymers with a bithiazole unit and various acceptor units were synthesized by polycondensation via Pd-catalyzed direct arylation. The results of reactions depend on chalcogen elements in the monomers. presence Se atom inhibited polymerization, presumably owing to coordination moiety Pd center; issue was resolved increasing reaction temperature (120 °C). also affected interchain interactions obtained polymers. strong led low solubility, high crystallinity, large red-shift...

Abstract Superelasticity is a type of elastic response to an applied external force, caused by phase transformation. Actuation materials also stimuli such as light and heat. Although both superelasticity actuation are deformations resulting from stimulus-induced stress, there phenomenological difference between the two with respect whether force input or output. Here, we report that molecular crystal manifests during photo-actuation under irradiation. The exhibits stepwise twisted due...

Abstract Single molecule dynamics studies have begun to use quantum probes. particle analysis using cryo-transmission electron microscopy has dramatically improved the resolution when studying protein structures and is shifting towards molecular motion observations. X-ray free-electron lasers are also being explored as routes for determining single of biological entities. Here, we propose a new technology that allows observation internal over long time scales, ranging from milliseconds up 10...

Due to the huge number of neuronal cells in brain and their complex circuit formation, computer simulation activity is indispensable understanding whole dynamics. Recently, various computational models have been developed based on whole-brain calcium imaging data. However, these analyses monitor only cell bodies treat as point unit. This point-neuron model inexpensive costs, but unrealistically simplistic at representing intact neural activities brain. Here, we describe a novel three-unit...

Abstract Research on polymer surfaces has shown that the mobilities of chains, which affect aggregation state and thus physical properties material, differ between surface bulk. However, polymers have not been fully characterized. Therefore, we propose a time-resolved method for evaluating mobility. This measurement scheme is called grazing incidence diffracted X-ray blinking (GI-DXB) can be used to evaluate molecular motions occurring at by continuously measuring diffraction patterns near...

<title>Abstract</title> We developed a time-resolved X-ray method, Transmitted Blinking (TXB), with temporal resolution of 900 ns per frame, enabling sub-microsecond analysis molecular dynamics. TXB was applied to two structurally distinct polymer resins—crystalline PEEK and amorphous PEI—which exhibit nearly identical transmission images. Despite this similarity, single-pixel autocorrelation function (spACF) revealed statistically significant differences in their dynamic behaviour....

ABSTRACT Palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation polycondensation afforded a bithiazole‐based homopolymer and donor–acceptor (D–A)‐type copolymers where the bithiazole unit served as an acceptor unit. The results of polymerization strongly depended on solubility polymers; long alkyl chain substituents were required for formation high‐molecular‐weight polymers in high yields owing to low polymers. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that obtained highly crystalline. In particular, well‐ordered...

Abstract The dynamic properties of crystalline materials are important for understanding their local environment or individual single-grain motions. A new time-resolved observation method is required use in many fields investigation. Here, we developed situ diffracted X-ray blinking to monitor high-resolution diffraction patterns from single-crystal grains with a 50 ms time resolution. spots single silver halides and moved the θ χ directions during photolysis chemical reaction. movements...

Blend polymer nanofibers (BNF), consisting of sulfonated polyimide and polybenzimidazole blends doped with phytic acid, were fabricated composed Nafion to give BNF composite membranes for electrolyte fuel cells. The membrane possessed high mechanical chemical stabilities low gas permeability. In addition, the showed higher proton conductivity than commercial NR211 membrane, not only at temperatures but also above 100 °C relative humidity (ca. 10% RH). conduction mechanism in was examined...

The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a multimodal which responds to various stimuli, including capsaicin, protons, and heat. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have revealed the structures of TRPV1. However, due large size TRPV1 its structural complexity, detailed process channel gating has not been well documented. In this study, we applied diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) technique analyze intracellular domain dynamics protein. DXT enables capture...

Abstract Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are capable of binding ice crystals and inhibiting their growth at freezing temperatures. IBPs also thought to stabilize the cell membrane non-freezing temperatures near 0 °C. These two effects have been assumed reduce cold- freezing-induced damage cells tissues. However, knowledge regarding IBP on living animals is limited. Here, we characterized relationship between physiological role by using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . The expression fish...

The DNA repair factor CtIP has a critical function in double-strand break (DSB) by homologous recombination, promoting the assembly of apparatus at ends and participating DNA-end resection. However, molecular mechanisms DSB remain unclear. Here, we present an atomic model for three-dimensional architecture human CtIP, derived from multi-disciplinary approach that includes X-ray crystallography, small-angle scattering (SAXS) diffracted tracking (DXT). Our data show adopts extended...

Abstract The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a member of the family and composed five subunits arranged symmetrically around central pore. It localized in nervous system immune cells could be target for treating Alzheimer’s disease schizophrenia. Acetylcholine ligand that opens channel, although prolonged application rapidly decreases response. Ivermectin was reported as one positive allosteric modulators, since binding to channel enhances acetylcholine-evoked currents. One research...

The neural networks that regulate animal behaviors are encoded in terms of neuronal excitation and inhibition at the synapse. However, how temporal activity circuits is dynamically precisely characterized by each signaling interaction via excitatory or inhibitory synapses, both synaptic patterns organized to achieve fine regulation circuit activities unclear. Here, we show Caenorhabditis elegans, excitatory/inhibitory switch from asymmetric sensory neurons (ASEL/R) following changes NaCl...

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels are activated by heat, vanilloids, and extracellular protons. Cryo-EM has revealed various conformations of TRPV1, these structures suggest an intramolecular twisting motion in response to ligand binding. However, limited experimental data support this observation. Here, we analyzed the TRPV1 using diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT). DXT analyzes trajectories Laue spots generated from attached gold nanocrystals provides picometer...

Serotonin receptors play important roles in neuronal excitation, emotion, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction. The serotonin receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2AR) is a Gq-coupled GPCR, which activate phospholipase C. Although the structures functions of 5-HT2ARs have been well studied, little has known about their real-time dynamics. In this study, we analyzed intramolecular motion 5-HT2AR living cells using diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) technique. DXT very precise single-molecular...

The structural differences between chiral and racemic crystals of enantiomers have piqued interest, as exemplified by classical Wallach's rule. However, the mechanical thermal disparities these materials not been thoroughly investigated. This study reports two analogous molecules. similarity molecular crystal structures analogues was validated through comparison with known chiral–racemic pairs. Young's moduli four revealed larger values for than their counterparts, consistent intermolecular...

Dynamic behavior in soft matter physics, biology, and nanoscience frequently occurs on submicrosecond timescales. Diffracted x-ray blinking (DXB) is a unique method that can provide broad range of spatial scale information becoming an attractive tool for use at high repetition rate facilities. In this study, we performed DXB experiments with 890 ns time resolution the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility to obtain dynamic about rubber samples are typically used automobile tires....

In recent years, real-time observations of molecules have been required to understand their behavior and function. To date, we reported two different time-resolved observation methods: diffracted x-ray tracking blinking (DXB). The former monitors the motion spots derived from nanocrystals labeled onto target molecules, latter measures fluctuation diffraction intensity that is highly correlated with molecular motion. However, these reports use a synchrotron source because its high average...

Single-molecule intramolecular dynamics were successfully measured for three variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, alpha: B.1.1.7, delta: B.1.617, and omicron: B.1.1.529, with a time resolution 100 μs using X-rays. The results then compared respect to the magnitude directions motions variants. largest 3-D movement was observed omicron variant irrespective ACE2 receptor binding. A more detailed analysis revealed that distribution state motion completely different without molecular trimeric...