A5044736391- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Geological formations and processes
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Offshore Engineering and Technologies
- Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics
California Institute of Technology
2015-2024
International Ocean Discovery Program
2015-2019
University of New Caledonia
2019
Expedition (United Kingdom)
2019
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Food
2019
Taranaki Base Hospital
2019
Stockholm University
2019
University of Cambridge
2019
Geological Survey of Austria
2019
The University of Sydney
1998-2009
Layered viscosity, temperature‐dependent and surface plates have an important effect on the scale morphology of structure in spherical models mantle convection. We find that long‐wavelength structures can be produced either by a layered viscosity with weak upper or even absence plates, corroborating earlier studies. However, combining results significantly shorter wavelengths. Our show convection is mainly controlled supporting previous two‐dimensional internal heating explain inferred from...
Abstract GPlates is an open‐source, cross‐platform plate tectonic geographic information system, enabling the interactive manipulation of plate‐tectonic reconstructions and visualization geodata through geological time. allows building topological models representing mosaic evolving boundary networks time, useful for computing velocity fields as surface conditions mantle convection investigating physical chemical exchanges material between deep Earth along boundaries. The ability to...
Abstract Global deep‐time plate motion models have traditionally followed a classical rigid approach, even though deformation is known to be significant. Here we present global Mesozoic–Cenozoic deforming model that captures the progressive extension of all continental margins since initiation rifting within Pangea at ~240 Ma. The also includes major failed rifts and compressional along collision zones. outlines timing regional episodes are reconstructed from wealth published tectonic...
Nearly half of all active subduction zones initiated during the Cenozoic. All associated with back arc extension have since Eocene, hinting that may be intimately an interval (several tens Myr) following initiation. That such a large proportion are young indicates initiation is continuous process in which net resisting force forming new zone can overcome normal evolution plates. Subduction known to occurred variety tectonic settings: old fracture zones, transform faults, and extinct...
Beneath southern Africa is a large structure about 1200 kilometers across and extending obliquely 1500 upward from the core-mantle boundary with shear velocity reduction of 3%. Using fortuitous set SKS phases that travel along its eastern side, we show anomaly appears to be sharp, width less than 50 kilometers, tilted outward center. Dynamic models fit seismic constraints have dense chemical layer within an upwardly flowing thermal structure. The tilt suggests dynamically unstable on...
Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained high-resolution models of global mantle flow remain a computational challenge. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms parallel computers to simulate incorporating motions, with individual margins resolved down scale 1 kilometer. Back-arc extension slab rollback are emergent consequences descent the upper mantle. Cold thermal anomalies...
As high‐performance computing facilities and sophisticated modeling software become available, mantle convection in a three‐dimensional (3‐D) spherical shell geometry with realistic physical parameters processes becomes increasingly feasible. However, there is still lack of comprehensive benchmark studies for 3‐D convection. Here we present test calculations using finite element code CitcomS Two classes model are presented: the Stokes' flow thermal thermochemical For flow, response functions...
Using an inverse mantle convection model that assimilates seismic structure and plate motions, we reconstruct Farallon subduction back to 100 million years ago. Models consistent with stratigraphy constrain the depth dependence of viscosity buoyancy, requiring slab was flat lying in Late Cretaceous, geological reconstructions. The simulation predicts extensive zone shallow-dipping extended beyond flat-lying farther east north by up 1000 kilometers. limited region is notion oceanic plateau...
Based on analysis of data from a trans‐Mexico temporary broadband seismic network centered Mexico City, we report that the subducting Cocos Plate beneath central is horizontal, and tectonically underplates base crust for distance 250 km trench. It decoupled by very thin low viscosity zone. The plate plunges into mantle near City but truncated at depth 500 km, probably due to an E‐W propagating tear in slab. Unlike shallow slab subduction Peru Chile, there active volcanism along Trans Mexican...
Abstract A reorganization centered on the Pacific plate occurred ~53–47 million years ago. “top‐down” tectonic mechanism, complete subduction of Izanagi plate, as opposed to a “bottom‐up” mantle flow has been proposed main driver. Verification based marine geophysical observations is impossible most ocean crust recording this event subducted. Using forward modeling approach, which assimilates surface velocities and shallow thermal structure slabs into models, we show that margin‐wide slab...
The mechanisms underlying the deformation and eventual destruction of Earth's cratons remain enigmatic, despite proposed links to subduction deep mantle plume processes. Here, we study North China Craton using four-dimensional flow models plate–mantle system since late Mesozoic, integrating constraints from lithospheric deformation, seismic tomography, evolution surface topography. We find that flat-slab induced landward shortening thickening, while subsequent rollback caused...
A finite-element formulation of faults has been incorporated into time-dependent models mantle convection with realistic rheology, continents, and phase changes. Realistic tectonic plates naturally form self-consistent coupling between plate dynamics. After the initiation subduction, trenches rapidly roll back subducted slabs temporarily laid out along base transition zone. have penetrated lower mantle, velocity trench migration decreases markedly. The inhibition slab penetration by...
We explore the hypothesis that southern Africa is actively being uplifted by a large‐scale, positively buoyant structure within mid‐lower mantle. Using new formulation in which dynamic topography and uplift rate are jointly used, we place constraints on mantle density viscosity. The solution of momentum equation coupled with advection field to solve for surface both an axisymmetric fully spherical geometry. demonstrate how its change depend lateral radial variations In full models geometry...