Wetland areas are known as 'the kidneys of the Earth' because they provide important functions towards stabilizing environment, long-term protection water sources, effectively minimizing sediment loss, purifying surface from industrial and agricultural pollutants, enhancing aquifer recharge. The condition supply in wetlands directly affects growth wetland plants local biodiversity. Therefore, drought monitoring is vital wetlands. In this study, Vegetation Temperature Condition Index (VTCI)...

ABSTRACT Spring vegetation phenology reflects the dynamics of ecosystems and status growth. Earlier spring can promote growth by extending length growing season, thus improving productivity carbon sink function terrestrial ecosystems. However, stage‐specific effects climate change on are yet to be effectively explained. Taking Cross‐border Region China, Democratic People's Republic Korea, Russia (CRCDR) as an example, we utilized Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) a proxy for...

Mountainous forests are pivotal in the global carbon cycle, serving as substantial reservoirs and sinks of carbon. However, generating a reliable estimate remains considerable challenge, primarily due to lack representative situ measurements proper methods capable addressing their complex spatial variation. Here, we proposed deep learning-based method that combines Residual convolutional neural networks (ResNet) with measurements, microwave (Sentinel-1 VOD), optical data (Sentinel-2 Landsat)...

This study demonstrated a framework to assess vulnerability of forests climate change. We focused on how alterations temperature and precipitation might affect forest type distributions carbon-related functions. In particular, our considered three sectors distribution, net primary production, soil carbon storage. Future projections were derived from mechanistic models for South Korean under the A1B scenarios intergovernmental panel Forest simulated by Hydrological thermal analogy group...

Abstract Ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau are particularly sensitive to climate change. Significant advances have been made toward understanding effects of change vegetation productivity plateau by using satellite observations, but a comprehensive study including various measurements has yet be presented. Here, we analyze spatiotemporal variability in variety proxies, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Enhanced Near‐Infrared Reflectance vegetation, and Solar‐Induced chlorophyll...

Understanding the effects of land cover changes on ecosystem carbon stocks is essential for management and environmental protection, particularly in transboundary region that has undergone marked changes. This study aimed to examine impacts Tumen River Basin (TTRB). We extracted spatial information from Landsat Thematic Imager (TM) Operational Land (OLI) images years 1990 2015 obtained convincing estimates terrestrial biomass soil with InVEST model. The results showed forestland, cropland...

Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is of great significance since it represents large carbon storage and may reduce global climate change. However, there are still considerable uncertainties in forest AGB estimates, especially rugged regions, due to the lack effective algorithms remove effects topography comprehensive comparisons methods used for estimation. Here, we systematically compare performance three sources remote sensing data estimation, along with machine-learning using extensive...

This study explored the feasibility of height distributional metrics and intensity values extracted from low-density airborne light detection ranging (lidar) data to estimate plot volumes in dense Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plots. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed using lidar metrics. The candidate variables for predicting volume evaluated three sets: total, canopy, integrated All intensities returns used corrected by reference distance. Regression models developed each...

Using Korean National Forest Inventory (NFI) data, our study developed a model to estimate stand mean diameter at breast height (DBH) reflecting the influence of site and climate factors on forest growth for major tree species in South Korea. A DBH estimation was using stand-level variables (stand age, index number trees per hectare) as independent factors. The spatial autocorrelation residuals identified semi-variogram analysis each species. Further, residual model, which were estimated by...

The desertification tendency of the Qubqi Desert in China for 10 years was investigated using vegetation and soil change indices extracted from seven LANDSAT TM images. To identify tendency, two methods were applied. In first, extent determined by classifying land cover into following four categories Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): floating desert area, half-fixed sand fixed grassland. second, degree classified Modified Soil Adjusted (MSAVI): primitive state, latent slight...

This study aims to characterize forest cover transitions in North Korea and identify deforested areas that are degraded or at risk of degradation. We used phenological information random classifiers perform a deforestation classification. then extracted the two main loss patterns, sloping farmland (farmland with slope greater than 6 degrees) unstocked (crown less 20%), for years 2000, 2010, 2020. Based on map each year, we analyzed dynamics from 1990 Forests showed decreases by 27% over...

Abstract Understanding the spatial and temporal changes in actual evapotranspiration (ET a ) caused by different human activities is important for water management water‐sensitive areas, because ET plays major role regulating availability of on land. Thus, observation particularly observing land degradation watershed. This study used operational simplified surface energy balance (SSEBop) model to perform estimations observations Tumen River Basin (TRB), covering border China Democratic...

The importance of estimating forest volume has been emphasized by increasing interest on carbon sequestration and storage which can be converted from estimates. With volume, there are growing needs for developing efficient unbiased estimation methods using reliable data sources such as the National Forest Inventory (NFI) supplementary information. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a plot model selected explanatory variables each type (only Type Map (FTM), only airborne LiDAR both...

The Tumen River Basin, located in the cross-border region of China, North Korea, and Russia, constitutes an important ecological barrier China. Forest here is mainly distributed around wetland, with distribution wetland having potential to regulate regional forest carbon storage. However, spatially explicit map aboveground biomass (AGB) impact drivers, i.e., climate, still lacking. We thus use a deep neural network multi-source remote sensing data quantify AGB Basin. Our results show mean...

To understand forest structures, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument have been employed to measure and monitor canopy with feasibility of acquiring three dimensional structure information. This study tried examine potential GLAS dataset in measuring particularly maximum height estimation. estimate using feasible dataset, we simply used difference between signal start ground peak derived from Gaussian decomposition method. After estimation procedure, was airborne Light...

Abstract. Large uncertainties exist in the carbon sink and energy balance of wetland ecosystems under climate change conditions. This can be attributed, part, to limited understanding simultaneous impact dynamics as well that equilibria. In addition, temporal patterns interconnections equilibria, inferred from ground observations, remain ambiguous. this study, dioxide flux data Jingxin Wetland August 2021 2023 were analyzed evaluate relative influence on net ecosystem exchange (NEE)...

Quantifying forest biomass is an important part of determining the regional carbon balance, but currently there little knowledge regarding storage at a high spatial resolution. Here, we combined deep learning (DL) algorithm with field measurements, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) observations, Landsat ALOS/PALSAR images to develop spatially explicit estimate aboveground density 30 m resolution for northeast China, home nearly one-third China’s forested area. We also conducted uncertainty...

The vegetation is feedback on environmental change due to global warming. Also, the growth status of and coverage area are greatly affected by changes. quantitative primary task response In this study, Global Inventory Modeling Mapping Studies (GIMMS) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) CRU climate data used analyze spatio‐temporal characteristics greening evolution its from 1982 2015 in Korean Peninsula applying partial correlation trend analysis. results show that average...