Land vehicles need their drivetrain to operate entirely in constant power order meet operational constraints, such as initial acceleration and gradability, with minimum rating. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is inappropriate for producing this torque-speed profile. Therefore, multiple gear transmission necessary the ICE a vehicle. Some electric machines, if designed controlled appropriately, are capable of an extended range. purpose paper investigate capabilities switched reluctance...

There is a growing interest in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles due to environmental concerns. Efforts are directed toward developing an improved propulsion system for applications. This paper aimed at the design philosophies of hybrid vehicle systems. The vehicles' dynamics studied attempt find optimal torque-speed profile system. study reveals that operational constraints, such as initial acceleration grade, can be met with minimum power rating if train operated mostly constant...

This paper presents a method for estimating the machine parameters of synchronous motor. The presented is equally applicable wound field motor, reluctance or permanent magnet (PM) both interior and surface-mount types. works particularly well machines having significant amount space harmonics, such as PM (IPM) machines, where harmonics are predominantly slot harmonics. It also suited surface operating under saturation, saturation-induced. presence these makes parameter identification...

This paper presents a gearless wheel motor drive system specifically designed for fuel cell electric and hybrid vehicle propulsion application. The includes liquid-cooled axial flux permanent-magnet machine to meet the direct-drive requirements. design implements techniques increase inductance in order improve constant power range high-speed efficiency. implemented technique reduces spin loss further also optimizes placement of magnets rotor reduce cogging ripple torque. An original cooling...

This paper presents a lumped-parameter thermal model for multi-barrier interior PM synchronous machine. The consists of network 12 resistances that make it possible to estimate temperatures at 9 critical points inside the machine including stator end windings, rotor magnets, and bearings. details are presented two machines analyzed, 6 kW 12-pole automotive starter/alternator 0.5 4-pole electric water pump results both demonstrate good agreement with obtained using detailed finite element analysis.

The propulsion system design of General Motors' Chevrolet Bolt battery electric vehicle (BEV) incorporates the use a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Magnets are buried inside rotor in double layer "V" arrangement and optimizes placement between adjacent poles asymmetrically to lower torque ripple radial force. Rotor also pair small slots stamped near outer surface at different locations provide further reduction As result all these features, BEV motor is able meet GM stringent noise...

A high-density and high-efficiency switched reluctance (SR) motor has been designed built for vehicle propulsion. Extensive finite-element analyses have carried out to optimize the geometry high density. Steady-state performance of drive simulated ensure good efficiency at all speeds. Special attention given during machine design lower acoustic noise. Direct liquid cooling winding improve overload capability. Dyno test results are presented which show overall SR

This paper presents an algorithm to calculate the current references on line, considering inherent nonlinear nature of saturation effect in interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine for minimum-copper-loss control under and voltage limit drive system. basically approaches this issue as a nonlinearly constrained optimization problem where torque command imposes equality constraint inequality constraint. Depending operating region, it solves corresponding set equations real time derived...

This paper presents the design and performance details of Chevrolet Volt electric propulsion system. The system has two machines: One machine is operating mostly as a motor while other generator. Both machines drive are permanent-magnet ac synchronous types with magnets buried inside rotor. distributed windings. However, opposed to conventional stranded winding, bar-wound construction improve performance, particularly in low medium speed range. At higher speed, skin proximity effects stator...

The cost of rare earth (RE) permanent magnet along with the associated supply volatility have intensified interests for machine topologies, which eliminate or reduce RE magnets usage. This paper presents one such design solution, separately excited synchronous motor (SESM) that eliminates magnets, but does not sacrifice peak torque and power motor. major drawback motors is necessity brushes to field current. especially a challenge hybrid electric vehicle applications where actively cooled...

This paper presents the design, performance and control details of traction electric machines for GM's second generation Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV). Chevy Volt was first personal vehicle in industry with EREV power flow configuration which is carried over to generation. Since its introduction 2011 Volts have been driven half a billion miles, 67% EV mode. The brings significant mass reduction increased performance, driving range fuel economy while simultaneously reducing rare...

This paper presents a design methodology for digital proportional-integral current regulators that may be used the highly nonlinear switched reluctance motor control. The important behavior of saturation, back electromotive force (EMF), and mutual coupling are accounted to achieve consistent regulator performance over entire operating regime. Gain adaptation is with respect both position insure stability. An improved back-EMF decoupling scheme implemented reduce bandwidth requirements....

A high-performance fully digital controller has been designed for the control of a switched reluctance (SR) motor built vehicle propulsion. The SR machine is specifically and to have high density low noise. maximize efficiency, peak overload capability, minimize torque ripple at speed. Lookup tables are stored in digital-signal-processor-based calculate parameters online. Three interpolations, between command, speed, battery voltage, performed obtain parameters. Difficulties associated with...

The integrated starter generator replaces the conventional and alternator with one electrical machine handling both functions. Start/Stop functionality, vehicle launch assistance, higher speed transient power supplementing enhance performance at lower fuel consumption rate. This functionality requires to provide high starting assistant torque in motoring mode relatively capability over wide range for battery charging. overall cost of system is underlining concern crucial part design...

The cost of rare earth (RE) permanent magnet along with the associated supply volatility have intensified interests for machine topologies which eliminate or reduce RE magnets usage. This paper presents one such design solution, separately excited synchronous motor (SESM) eliminates magnets, however, but does not sacrifice peak torque and power motor. major drawback motors is necessity brushes to field current. especially a challenge hybrid electric vehicle applications where actively cooled...

The authors' recent study has revealed that high speed motors capable of performing extended constant power operation are best suited for electric and hybrid vehicle application. In study, they showed vehicle's operational constraints such as initial acceleration gradability can be met with minimum rating if the powertrain operated mostly in region. purpose this paper is to make a performance analysis several most commonly used based on those findings. induction motor found Permanent magnet...

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) optimal control parameters, which maximize torque per ampere, are calculated using a dynamic SRM model. In order to include the effect of magnetic nonlinearity, static and flux-linkage data used in The generated experimentally. To recreate these online, artificial neural networks used. Two separate trained. One is trained with low-speed parameters for at low speed, while other high-speed high speed. speed makes transition from chopping single-pulse operation...

A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used to design the propulsion system of GM's Chevrolet Bolt battery electric vehicle (BEV). Magnets are buried inside rotor in two layer `V' arrangement. The BEV machine optimizes placement between adjacent poles asymmetrically lower torque ripple and radial force. Similar Spark motor, a pair small slots stamped each pole near outer surface Rotor these at different locations providing further reduction As result all features, able meet GM...

In this paper, a sensorless control scheme for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives based on an inductance model is presented. The proposed method requires only active phase terminal measurements. It does not require external hardware and hence the reliability of expected to be good while adding system cost. Preliminary investigation shows that can give position information with high resolution speeds from standstill several times base speed motor. theoretical aspects are first described....

The switched reluctance motor (SRM), owing to its doubly salient pole structure and operation in the saturation region, has a highly nonlinear torque characteristics. Therefore, linear model of SRM can predict performance characteristics only for limited range operation. An accurate comprehensive SRM, however, is extremely complicated computationally intensive be implemented real time control purposes. To alleviate some these difficulties, several simplified models are presented literature....

Governments all around the world are mandating a greater level of vehicle electrification due to environmental and energy concerns. There different levels in vehicles starting from mild hybrid full battery electric (EV). These increasing result rising gasoline displacement with electricity subsequent improvement fuel economy reduction emissions. Hybrids their variants being introduced. However, is widely believed be future addressing above issues. General Motors (GM) has its own strategy for...

In order to optimize the performance of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives, geometrical design as well control strategies for its power converter should be adjusted. High levels torque ripple and acoustic noise are main drawbacks SRM drives in many applications. This paper mainly focuses on used minimizing vibration drives. Further, major sources have been addressed. addition, significance various variables (control angles current profile) has studied detail. Furthermore, based this...

Soft switching has the potential of reducing switch stresses and lowering losses as compared to hard switching. To understand effectiveness soft-switching technique, when applied electric vehicle (EV) hybrid (HEV) systems, it may be necessary first evaluate their system requirements performance. This evaluation process would require knowledge dynamics. The load requires a special torque-speed profile from drivetrain for minimum power ratings meet vehicle's operational constraints, such...