Kin selection promotes the evolution of social behavior that increases survival and reproductive success close relatives. Among primates, maternal kinship frequently coincides with a higher frequency grooming agonistic aiding, but extent to which paternal influences adult female relationships has not yet been investigated. Here, we examine effect both kinship, as well age proximity, on affiliative interactions among semifree-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta . Kinship was assessed by...

One of the basic tenets sexual selection is that male reproductive success should be large in polygynous species. Here, we analysed 6 years molecular genetic data from a semi-free-ranging population rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), using Nonac's B index, to assess level skew study troop. On average, top sire each year produced 24% infants, while 71% troop males sired no offspring at all. Consequently, 74% infants had least one paternal half-sibling their own birth cohort. Reproductive was...

Differential psychologists rightly identified evolutionary theory as a unifying framework for explaining the origins and persistence of individual differences in wide array human psychological characteristics.Psychological diversity occurs on multiple levels, including between species, populations, generations, individuals.Each level reveals outcome processes at different temporal scales.I embrace range methods results from quantitative population genetics, developmental evolution,...

In mammals, when females are clumped in space, male access to receptive is usually determined by a dominance hierarchy based on fighting ability. polygynandrous primates, as opposed most mammalian species, the strength of relationship between social status and reproductive success varies greatly. It has been proposed that degree which paternity rank decreases with increasing female synchrony. The priority-of-access model (PoA) predicts synchrony rank. To date, tests PoA using data involved...

Abstract In group living animals, especially among primates, there is consistent evidence that high‐ranking males gain a higher reproductive output than low‐ranking males. Primate studies have shown male coalitions and sociality can impact fitness; however, it remains unclear whether could potentially increase their fitness by preferentially supporting socializing with females. Here we investigate patterns of interventions the effect on in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) particular focus...

The degree of polygyny is predicted to influence the strength direct male–male competition, leading a high variance in male lifetime reproductive success and reproduction limited prime period adulthood. Here, we explore time an anthropoid primate forming multimale–multifemale groups. Males this species form dominance hierarchies, which are expected skew toward few high-ranking males. At same time, however, females mate with multiple males (polygynandry), should limit polygyny. Using 20 years...

Why regularities in personality can be described with particular dimensions is a basic question differential psychology. Nonhuman primates also characterized terms of structure. Comparative approaches help reveal phylogenetic constraints and social ecological patterns associated the presence or absence specific dimensions. We sought to determine how different structures are related interspecific variation style. Specifically, we examined this 6 species macaques, because macaque style well...

Dispersal has been suggested to be challenging, especially for species that heavily rely on social learning knowledge acquisition. One of the obstacles migrants face is how cope with an unfamiliar, new habitat, which may involve from resident individuals. So far, only very few studies have looked at in after dispersal. Here we examine migrant male orangutans use a behavior called “peering” (an indicator observational learning), learn local In total, analyzed 4,009 daily dyadic associations...

Sexual selection promotes the prevalence of heritable traits that increase an individual's reproductive rate. Despite theoretically strong directional selection, sexually selected can show inter-individual variation. Here, we investigate whether red skin ornamentation, a rare example male mammalian trait involved in mate attraction, influences fecundity and is rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ), explore mechanisms are maintaining Interestingly, expressed by attractive to both sexes. We...

Abstract In multimale groups where females mate promiscuously, male–infant associations have rarely been studied. However, recent studies shown that males selectively support their offspring during agonistic conflicts with other juveniles and father's presence accelerates maturation. Furthermore, it was invest in unrelated infants to enhance future mating success the infant's mother. Hence, infant care might provide fitness gain for males. Here, we investigate rhesus macaques ( Macaca...

When close relatives mate, offspring are expected to suffer fitness consequences due inbreeding depression. Inbreeding has previously been quantified in two ways: using a sufficiently large panel of markers or deep and complete pedigrees over several generations. However, the application both approaches is still limited by challenge compiling such data for species with long generation times, as primates. Here, we assess rhesus macaques living on Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico), population...

Kin selection promotes the evolution of social behaviour that increases survival and reproductive success close relatives. One prerequisite for kin is individuals have ability to discriminate between nonkin. Studies incorporating data on paternal kinship are still rare, but in species with a high male skew, many adult females will be half siblings. Using both microsatellites DNA-fingerprinting, we here analyse relatedness order compare influence maternal rates affiliative aggressive...

Animal personalities, i.e. consistent differences in behavior across time and/or context, have received increased attention of behavioral biologists over the last years. Recent research shows that personalities represent traits on which natural and sexual selection work can substantial fitness consequences. The aim this study is to establish personality structure crested macaque (Macaca nigra) males as foundation for future studies its adaptive value. We collected data through focal animal...

Dispersal and mating patterns are known to affect the availability of both maternal paternal kin within social groups, with important effects on evolution sociality. It is generally assumed that philopatric sex forms stronger bonds than dispersing sex, possibly as a result reduced for after departure. However, few primate studies have directly compared whether differences in association patterns, particular kin, already present prior dispersal when should be same sexes. Here, we affiliative...