A common practice in multistory reinforced concrete building construction is to shore a freshly placed floor on several previously cast floors. The loads the supporting floors may exceed slab design during maturity, especially when live load small compared with dead load. few studies have been conducted analytically model loading process. However, these early models are based number of simplifying assumptions. objective this paper develop three‐dimensional computer which can be used evaluate...

Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT) has built the of Robotic Echelle Spectrographs (NRES), consisting four identical, high-resolution optical spectrographs, each fiber-fed simultaneously by up to two 1-meter telescopes and a calibration source. Two units have been installed are currently executing scientific observations. A third unit is presently in commissioning. fourth shipped site will be mid 2018. Operating on separate continents both Northern Southern hemispheres,...

Abstract There are presently no established guidelines available for a bridge inspector to follow when assessing the significance of multiple deterioration factors on condition rating. As such, evaluation an existing is based highly subjective and non-uniform procedure, usually suffers from imprecision personal bias. Hence, any attempt find optimal solution management such rating procedure can be misleading. However, with development fuzzy mathematical approach, human subjectivity included...

In their pursuit of ensuring the quality and long-term performance pavements, state highway agencies (SHAs) have established specifications for materials testing construction inspection processes as critical components assurance programs. SHAs face a grand challenge, however, in ever-growing gap between demand available resources. Many strategies been proposed over time to meet this challenge by optimizing resource allocation process. A promising approach is allocate limited resources most...

Inspection is critical to ensuring the quality of infrastructure construction. In recent years, state highway agencies (SHAs) have been facing challenge a shortage experienced inspectors due retirements, workforce downsizing, and resignations take jobs in private sector. There need retain manage accumulated construction inspection knowledge (what, when, how inspect) integrate this into business process. This paper presents an ontological approach managing development risk-based digital...

A new fatigue load model has been developed based on weigh-in-motion (WIM) data collected from three different sites in Indiana. The recorded truck traffic was simulated over analytical bridge models to investigate moment range responses of structures under loadings. included simple and two equally continuous spans. Based Miner's hypothesis, damage accumulations were computed for details at various locations the compared with predicted 240-kN (54-kip) American Association State Highway...

During the service life of a given structure, both initial and long-term costs are added together to provide total cost bridge, resulting in complete bridge life-cycle analysis (BLCCA). Historically, BLCCA has been used select maintenance strategies but not perform comprehensive profile (LCCP) selection. Therefore, this paper focuses on selecting cost-effective profiles for different superstructure types using stochastic analysis. Life-cycle selection superstructures planning purposes is...

Trucks may simultaneously appear on a highway bridge in the same lane or different lanes, which represent governing load for short- and medium-span bridges. In practice specifications, multiple presence factor (MPF) to cover these simultaneous loads was developed using intuition models without support of measured weight data trucks motion. This paper presents research effort deriving MPF based weigh-in-motion (WIM) truck data, both strength fatigue limit states, including about 68 million...

Abstract This paper describes a bridge condition assessment model that is based upon the simplification of computational technique called resolution identity fuzzy sets. The proposed utilizes weighted average to combine ratings. procedure on decomposition sets into non-fuzzy level-sets or intervals. utility and effectiveness this are illustrated with an example problem.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects parapets on live-load response slab-on-girder steel bridges subjected superload vehicles and these loads parapets. A a special permit truck that exceeds predefined weight limitation. presence can result in reduced girder distribution factors (GDFs) for critical girders, reserve strength be considered passage truck. This reduction investigated, as well discontinuous capacity Two with significantly different geometric proportions were...

Massive main-sequence stars have convective cores and radiative envelopes, but can also sub-surface convection zones caused by partial ionisation zones. However, the properties of such regions strongly depend on opacity therefore a star's metallicity. Non-rotating 1D evolution models between $7 M odot $ metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) galaxy suggest tenuous (if any) when using Rayleigh number as criterion for owing to their substantially lower compared Galactic massive stars. We...

Double–mast arm cantilevered sign structures are widely used in Indiana and many other states. Because of the large area relatively high flexibility, wind loading on these occasionally produces significant stress cycles. Cracking caused by fatigue damage may occur at several critical spots structures. An analytical investigation lives details double–mast is discussed this paper. procedure introduced, load selection simulation explained. Finite element models based a prototype structure...

The proposed assessment procedure presented in this paper may be used to establish inspection intervals for steel bridges with fracture critical members (FCMs) (if adopted by the Federal Highway Administration). herein only applies FCM inspections which are defined as follows: a hands-on of or member components that include visual and other nondestructive evaluations. method is rather simple provides an alternative pure calendar based methodology currently specified Code Regulations all...

An open-spandrel reinforced-concrete arch bridge in west central Indiana was load posted on the basis of a simplified analytical evaluation. The posting controlled by shear-strength limit state transverse floor beams. Although reinforcement provided according to original construction plans, there were regions that lacked shear reinforcement, which deemed these members critical. This paper presents results an and experimental evaluation performed one critical bridge. models considered spatial...

Accurate zero-sequence transformer data is important for correct fault analysis and protection settings. Utilities have been forced to approximate impedances many three-legged core power transformers in service today that did not undergo testing at the factory before site installation. Where approximation of from positive sequence insufficient accuracy, on-site tests proposed. However, these usually involve measurements high-voltage windings, which are either expensive with high test...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatigue strength a particular welded diaphragm-to-beam connection. connection consisted wide flange diaphragm members directly web deeper main beam member. Cyclic tests were performed determine resistance detail and three different repair methods. methods investigated involved combinations removal, drilling holes at crack tips, peening bottom weld toes. This has shown that welds nonstaggered diaphragms are more susceptible cracking than...

Determining the load distribution during construction is one of critical factors in assessing structural safety reinforced concrete structures. A simplified method was developed 1963 for determining loads imposed on slabs and formwork. Use assumes that rigidity shores are infinite, relative flexural stiffnesses floors all equal. However, it has been found results given by generally underestimate actual loads. The first part this paper discusses a refined capable dealing with shore‐slab...

The strength of a fillet weld is influenced by many different factors. For example, the welding process, electrode type and strength, weld-metal chemistry, welder skill, profile, joint penetration, fit-up restraint, preheat interpass temperatures all contribute, in some part, to resultant strength. Many these factors, such as skill welder, fit-up, temperatures, are dealt with through particular requirements provisions AWS Structural Welding Code. Weld qualification tests, for instance,...