A5012712457- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Combustion and Detonation Processes
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
- Freezing and Crystallization Processes
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Heavy metals in environment
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Industrial Gas Emission Control
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2015-2024
Purdue University West Lafayette
2019-2024
Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
2020
University of Indianapolis
2020
Planetary Science Institute
2018-2020
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2018
Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology
2015-2016
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
2008-2012
Battelle
2009-2011
ETH Zurich
2006-2010
Abstract Ice particle formation in tropospheric clouds significantly changes cloud radiative and microphysical properties. nucleation the troposphere via homogeneous freezing occurs at temperatures lower than −38°C relative humidity with respect to ice above 140%. In absence of these conditions, can proceed heterogeneous aided by aerosol particles known as nucleating (INPs). this chapter, new developments identifying mechanisms, atmospheric relevance, uncertainties, unknowns about INPs are...
Dusty Origins The formation of cirrus clouds begins with the production ice nuclei, on which water vapor then condenses. Cziczo et al. (p. 1320 , published online 9 May) determined kinds particles crystals form by sublimating samples collected research aircraft and analyzing chemical physical properties residual seeds. Most seed were either mineral dust or metallic.
This article addresses the need for new data on indirect effects of natural and anthropogenic aerosol particles atmospheric ice clouds. Simultaneous measurements concentration composition tropospheric capable initiating in cold (cirrus) clouds are reported. Measurements support that cirrus formation occurs both by heterogeneous nucleation insoluble homogeneous (spontaneous) freezing containing solutions. Heterogeneous nuclei concentrations regime depend temperature, relative humidity,...
The Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument has measured the composition of single particles during a number airborne and ground‐based campaigns. In regions studied, 30% to over 80% aerosol mass in free troposphere was carbonaceous material. Most this material probably organic. Although there were variations their amounts, 90% accumulation mode away from local sources internal mixtures sulfates Within mixing, variation pattern peaks spectra, especially related organic...
Abstract The goal of this chapter is to synthesize information about what now known one the three main types clouds, cirrus, and identify areas where more knowledge needed. Cirrus composed ice particles, form in upper troposphere, temperatures are generally below −30°C. Satellite observations show that maximum-occurrence frequency cirrus near tropics, with a large latitudinal movement seasonally. In situ measurements obtained over wide range types, formation mechanisms, temperatures,...
Laboratory measurements support a cirrus cloud formation pathway involving heterogeneous ice nucleation by solid ammonium sulfate aerosols. Ice occurs at low ice-saturation ratios consistent with the of continental and an interhemispheric asymmetry observed for onset. In climate model, this mechanism provides widespread source nuclei leads to fewer but larger crystals as compared homogeneous freezing scenario. This reduces both albedo longwave heating cirrus. With global ammonia budget...
The first real‐time, in situ, investigation of the chemical composition residue cirrus ice crystals was performed during July 2002. This study undertaken on a NASA WB‐57F high‐altitude research aircraft as part CRYSTAL‐FACE, field campaign which sought to further our understanding relation clouds, water vapor, and climate by characterizing, among other parameters, anvil formed about Florida peninsula. A counter flow virtual impactor (CVI) used separate from unactivated interstitial aerosol...
The infrared extinction spectra of model tropospheric aerosols, (NH 4 ) 2 SO , NH HSO NaCl, and artificial seawater, have been measured as a function relative humidity. Experimentally, submicron‐sized aerosol particles are spectroscopically monitored they flow at atmospheric pressure on 30‐s timescale through room temperature absorption cell. By monitoring features due to either constituent ions or water molecules, we infer both the physical phase and, some degree, chemical composition...
The second Ice Nuclei Spectroscopy (INSPECT‐II) campaign was conducted at Storm Peak Laboratory in northwestern Colorado April and May 2004. physical chemical characteristics of springtime atmospheric aerosols, including those which act as heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN), were investigated. formation activity submicron particles measured with a continuous‐flow diffusion chamber. concentrations ([IN]) active −15 to −50°C water supersaturations −25% < SSw 0 typically ranged from 1 10 std l −1...
Single-particle analyses of stratospheric aerosol show that about half the particles contain 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent meteoritic iron by mass, requiring a total extraterrestrial influx 8 38 gigagrams per year. The sodium/iron ratio in these is higher and magnesium/iron calcium/iron ratios are lower than chondritic meteorites, implying fraction material ablated must lie at low end previous estimates component resides mesosphere stratosphere not composition.
The NOAA Lockheed Orion WP‐3D aircraft intercepted a forest fire plume over Utah on 19 May 2002 during the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation (ITCT) mission. Large enhancements in acetonitrile (CH 3 CN), carbon monoxide (CO) particle number were measured interception. In 100 s crossing, Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument acquired 202 positive mass spectra from ionizing single particles 0.2–5 μm size range. These contained carbon, potassium,...
The ice nucleation characteristics of Arizona test dust (ATD) and illite clay, surrogates for atmospheric nuclei, have been determined at the Aerosol Interactions Dynamics in Atmosphere (AIDA) chamber located Research Center Karlsruhe Germany. objective this research was to determine effect sulfuric acid ammonium sulfate coatings on ability these mineral nucleate an environment where particles realistically compete water vapor. Coated ATD required higher saturations all temperatures...
We have studied ice formation at temperatures relevant to homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, as well droplet activation hygroscopicity, of soot particles variable size composition.Coatings adipic, malic, oleic acid were applied in order span an atmospherically range solubility, both uncoated coated exposed ozone simulate atmospheric oxidation.The results are interpreted terms onset with a comparison mineral dust particle that acts efficient nucleus, hygroscopicity.At 253 K 243 K, we...
Abstract. Two different single particle mass spectrometers were operated in parallel at the Swiss High Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3580 m a.s.l.) during Cloud and Aerosol Characterization Experiment (CLACE 6) February March 2007. During mixed phase cloud events ice crystals from 5–20 μm separated larger aggregates, non-activated, interstitial aerosol particles supercooled droplets using an Ice-Counterflow Virtual Impactor (Ice-CVI). one period additionally sampled analyzed by...
Abstract. The Whistler Aerosol and Cloud Study (WACS 2010), included intensive measurements of trace gases particles at two sites on Mountain. Between 6–11 July 2010 there was a sustained high-pressure system over the region with cloud-free conditions highest temperatures study. During this period, organic aerosol concentrations rose from <1 μg m−3 to ∼6 m−3. Precursor gas composition show that these organics were almost entirely secondary biogenic nature. Throughout July, anthropogenic...
Abstract. The second phase of the Fifth International Ice Nucleation Workshop (FIN-02) involved gathering a large number researchers at Karlsruhe Institute Technology's Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics Atmosphere (AIDA) facility to promote characterization understanding ice nucleation measurements made by variety methods used worldwide. Compared previous workshop in 2007, participation was doubled, reflecting vibrant research area. Experimental sampling aerosol particles direct processing...
In this study chemical compositions of background aerosol and ice nuclei were examined through laboratory investigations using Raman spectroscopy field measurements by single‐particle mass spectrometry. Aerosol sampling took place at Storm Peak Laboratory in Steamboat Springs, Colorado (elevation 3210 m). A cascade impactor was used to collect coarse‐mode particles for analysis spectroscopy; the composition, mixing state, heterogeneous nucleation activity individual examined. For situ...
Abstract. Substantial uncertainties still exist in the scientific understanding of possible interactions between urban and natural (biogenic) emissions production transformation atmospheric aerosol resulting impact on climate change. The US Department Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Carbonaceous Aerosol Radiative Effects Study (CARES) carried out June 2010 Central Valley, California, was a comprehensive effort designed to improve this understanding. primary...
Abstract Atmospheric ice nucleating particles (INPs) influence global climate by altering cloud formation, lifetime, and precipitation efficiency. The role of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) material as a source INPs in the ambient atmosphere has not been well defined. Here, we demonstrate potential for biogenic SOA to activate depositional upper troposphere combining field measurements with laboratory experiments. Ambient were measured remote mountaintop location at –46 °C an...
Abstract. The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nucleating particle (INP) counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. SPIN continuous flow diffusion chamber with parallel plate geometry based on the Zurich Nucleation Chamber and Portable Chamber. This study presents standard description using instrument also highlights methods to analyze measurements more advanced ways. It characterizes describes behavior of chamber, reports data...
Abstract It has been known that aerosol particles act as nuclei for ice formation over a century and half (see Dufour). Initial attempts to understand the nature of these nucleating were optical electron microscope inspection inclusions at center crystal Isono; Kumai). Only within last few decades instrumentation extract crystals from clouds analyze residual material after sublimation condensed-phase water available Cziczo Froyd). Techniques ascertain potential atmospheric aerosols have only...
Large increases in the number of low earth orbit satellites are projected coming decades [L. Schulz, K.-H. Glassmeier, Adv. Space Res.67, 1002-1025 (2021)] with perhaps 50,000 additional by 2030 [GAO, constellations satellites: Mitigating environmental and other effects (2022)]. When spent rocket bodies defunct reenter atmosphere, they produce metal vapors that condense into aerosol particles descend stratosphere. So far, models spacecraft reentry have focused on understanding hazard...
Abstract. Ice crystal formation in mixed-phase clouds is initiated by specific aerosol particles, termed ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Only a tiny fraction of all are INPs, providing challenge for contemporary INP measurement techniques. Models have shown that the presence INPs can impact their radiative properties and induce precipitation formation. However, qualified implementation models, techniques able to accurately detect temperature-dependent concentration needed. Here we present...