By beating their wings faster around sunset, male Anopheles mosquitoes sensitize auditory system to female flight tones.

Coordinating the Clock In flies, mechanosensory chordotonal organs help to coordinate effects of temperature on circadian cycles. Simoni et al. (p. 525 ) provide a mechanism by which input is processed synchronize biological clock in Drosophila melanogaster . The organs, have similarities mammalian ear, were also required for sensation vibration stimulus and its endogenous brain clock. present joints limbs, neuronal signals that allow animal sense position or posture—and thus might mediate...

Hearing is essential for the courtship of one major carriers human disease, mosquito. Males locate females through flight-tone recognition and both sexes engage in mid-air acoustic communications, which can take place within swarms containing thousands individuals. Despite importance hearing mosquitoes, its mechanisms are still largely unclear. We here report a multilevel analysis auditory function across three disease-transmitting mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae Culex...

Mechanoreceptors are sensory cells that transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical signals and mediate the perception of sound, touch acceleration. Ciliated mechanoreceptors possess an elaborate microtubule cytoskeleton facilitates coupling external forces to transduction apparatus. In a screen for genes preferentially expressed in Drosophila campaniform mechanoreceptors, we identified DCX-EMAP, unique member EMAP family (echinoderm–microtubule-associated proteins) contains two...

Abstract Malaria mosquitoes acoustically detect their mating partners within large swarms that form transiently at dusk. Indeed, male malaria preferably respond to female flight tones during swarm time. This phenomenon implies a sophisticated context- and time-dependent modulation of mosquito audition, the mechanisms which are largely unknown. Using transcriptomics, we identify complex network candidate neuromodulators regulating hearing in species Anopheles gambiae . Among them, octopamine...

Distortion products are tones produced through nonlinear effects of a system simultaneously detecting two or more frequencies. These combination ubiquitous to vertebrate auditory systems and generally regarded as byproducts signal amplification. It has previously been shown that several species infectious-disease-carrying mosquitoes utilize these distortion for locating potential mates. also their contain multiple oscillatory components within the sensory structure, which respond at...

Animal reproduction relies on elaborate divisions of labour and multiple dimorphisms between the sexes. Primary affect core elements reproduction, secondary more indirect traits, including complex behaviours. In disease-transmitting mosquitoes, males locate females acoustically prior to copulation (phonotaxis). No comparable acoustic behaviour is known for females. As a result, ears hearing performance have evolved become substantially complex. Sex-specific in mosquitoes part controlled by...

Animals are characterized by a set of highly conserved developmental regulators. Changes in the cis-regulatory elements these regulators thought to constitute major driver morphological evolution. However, role coding sequence evolution remains unresolved. To address this question, we used Atonal family proneural transcription factors as model. Drosophila atonal was endogenously replaced with that homologues (ATHs) at key phylogenetic positions, non-ATH genes, and closest homologue ancestral...

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a threat to future human wellbeing. Multiple factors contributing the terminal auditory decline have been identified; but unified understanding of ARHL - or homeostatic maintenance before its breakdown missing. We here present an in-depth analysis homeostasis and ageing in antennal ears fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster . show that , just like humans, display ARHL. By focusing on phase dynamic stability prior eventual we discovered set...

Periodic changes in light and temperature synchronize the Drosophila circadian clock, but question of how fly brain integrates these two input pathways to set time remains unanswered. We explore multisensory cue combination by testing resilience network conflicting environmental inputs. show that misaligned cycles can lead dramatic daily locomotor activities wild-type flies during after exposure sensory conflict. This altered behavior is associated with a drastic reduction amplitude PERIOD...

Abstract Background Release of gene-drive mutants to suppress Anopheles mosquito reproduction is a promising method malaria control. However, many scientific, regulatory and ethical questions remain before transgenic mosquitoes can be utilised in the field. At behavioural level, carrying should at least as sexually attractive wildtype populations they compete against, with key element copulation being acoustic courtship. We analysed sound emissions preference doublesex mutant previously used...

In mammals, the membrane-based protein Prestin confers unique electromotile properties to cochlear outer hair cells, which contribute amplifier. Like ears of insects, such as those Drosophila melanogaster, mechanically amplify sound stimuli and have also been reported express homologs. To determine whether D. melanogaster homolog (dpres) is required for auditory amplification, we generated analyzed dpres mutant flies. We found that robustly expressed in fly's antennal ear. However, flies...

In Drosophila, as in other animals, the circadian clock is a singular entity name and concept only. reality, functions emerge from multiple processes anatomical substrates. One distinction has conventionally been made between central (in brain) peripheral clocks (e.g., gut eyes). Both types of generate robust oscillations, which do not require external input. Furthermore, phases these oscillations remain exquisitely sensitive to specific environmental cues, such daily changes light...

Malaria mosquitoes mate in crowded, and noisy, swarms. A vital stage of their precopulatory behaviour involves detecting the faint flight tone a mating partner amidst noise from hundreds other mosquitoes. This exquisite sensory performance is enabled by complex auditory system with remarkable features. One such feature vast efferent control system, which provides mosquito ear required plasticity to adapt various external internal changes. In this paper, we study role GABA, one main...

Across their lives, biological sensors maintain near-constant functional outputs despite countless exogenous and endogenous perturbations. This sensory homeostasis is the product of multiple dynamic equilibria, breakdown which contributes to age-related decline. The mechanisms homeostatic maintenance, however, are still poorly understood. ears vertebrates insects characterized by exquisite sensitivities but also marked vulnerabilities. Being under permanent load thermal acoustic noise,...

Hearing is an essential sense in the life cycle of malaria mosquitoes. Within large swarms formed transiently at dusk, mosquitoes acoustically recognize their mating partners by wingbeats. Indeed, only respond to flight tones during swarm time. This phenomenon implies a sophisticated context- and time-dependent modulation mosquito audition, mechanisms which are still largely unknown. Using transcriptomics, we identify complex network candidate neuromodulators regulating hearing. Among them,...

Meniere’s disease (MD) is an inner ear disorder characterised by recurrent vertigo attacks associated with sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Evidence from epidemiology Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) suggests a genetic susceptibility involving multiple genes, including α-Dystrobrevin ( DTNA ). Here we investigate Drosophila model. We show that mutation, or knockdown, of the orthologue in , Dystrobrevin Dyb ), results defective proprioception impaired function Johnston’s Organ (JO), fly’s...