Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, use social media in emergency and crisis events has greatly increased many studies have concentrated on ICT before, during, or after these events. The field research that fall under is called informatics. In this article, we evaluate analyze informatics by looking at case emergencies, outlining types found informatics, expounding upon forms interaction been researched. Finally, summarize achievements from a human–computer perspective outline trends...

Abstract In many cases of machine learning, research suggests that the development training data might have a higher relevance than choice and modelling classifiers themselves. Thus, augmentation methods been developed to improve by artificially created data. NLP, there is challenge establishing universal rules for text transformations which provide new linguistic patterns. this paper, we present evaluate generation method suitable increase performance long short texts. We achieved promising...

Abstract For almost 15 years, social media have been regularly used during emergencies. One of the most recent, and instructive, examples its widespread use a large scale scenario in Europe were 2013 European floods. Public reporting event indicated, our analysis confirms, that Twitter, Facebook (FB), Google Maps other services frequently by affected citizen volunteers to coordinate help activities among themselves. We conducted qualitative selected emergent volunteer communities Germany on...

The research field of crisis informatics examines, amongst others, the potentials and barriers social media use during conflicts crises. Social allow emergency services to reach public easily in context communication receive valuable information (e.g. pictures) from data. However, vast amount data generated large-scale incidents can lead issues overload quality. To mitigate these issues, this paper proposes semi-automatic creation alerts including keyword, relevance quality filters based on...

The field of cysec is evolving fast. Security professionals are in need intelligence on past, current and —ideally — upcoming threats, because attacks becoming more advanced increasingly targeting larger complex systems. Since the processing analysis such large amounts information cannot be addressed manually, experts rely machine learning techniques. In textual domain, pre-trained language models as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) have proven to helpful they...

Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) provide advisory, preventive and reactive cybersecurity services for authorities, citizens, businesses. However, their responsibility of monitoring, analyzing, communicating cyber threats have become challenging due to the growing volume varying quality information disseminated through public channels. Based on a design case study conducted from 2021 2023, this paper combines three iterations expert interviews, workshops cognitive walkthroughs an...

In this paper, the authors propose a systematization of social software use in crisis situations, examining different types cooperation and challenges. The discuss how organizational actors involved management (police, fire-fighters, organizations, etc.) affected citizens are communicating can communicate collaborate through software. After defining term ‘social software,’ outline its management. They present two case studies where they have examined 2010: first during disruption air travel...

Emergencies such as the 2013 Central European flood or typhoon Haiyan in Philippines have shown how citizens can organize themselves and coordinate private relief activities. These activities be found (physical) groups of affected people, but also within (digital) social media communities. There is an evident need, however, for a clearer picture what exactly going on to available use by official emergency services: enlist them, keep them safe, support their efforts avoid needless...

Recent disasters have shown an increase in the significance of social media for both affected citizens and volunteers alike coordination information organization relief activities, often independently addition to official emergency response. Existing research mainly focuses on way which individual platforms are used by response disasters. This paper examines use during European Floods 2013 proposes a novel cross-social-media application volunteers. Besides comprehensive analysis volunteer...

Since the emergence of so-called fake news on internet and in social media, platforms such as Facebook have started to take countermeasures, researchers begun looking into this phenomenon from a variety perspectives. A large number scientific work has investigated ways detect automatically. Less attention been paid subsequent step, i.e., what do when you are aware inaccuracy claims media. This takes user-centered approach means counter identified mis- disinformation We conduct three-step...

Improvisation is necessary when planned decision-making as the main managerial activity does not fit conditions practice provides. In these cases, information technology should just automate and structured decisions, but support improvisational practice. this contribution we present an empirical study about improvisation work in scenarios of medium to large power outages Germany. Our focus on inter-organizational cooperation practices, thus examined fire departments, police, public...

The value of social media in crises, disasters, and emergencies across different events (e.g. floods, storms, terroristic attacks), countries, for heterogeneous participants citizens, emergency services) is now well-attested. Existing work has examined the potentials weaknesses its use during specific events. Fewer studies, however, have focused on citizens' perceptions emergencies, none deployed a representative sample to examine this. We present results first study perception that we...