This paper describes the use of magnetic levitation (MagLev) to measure association proteins and ligands. The method starts with diamagnetic gel beads that are functionalized covalently small molecules (putative ligands). Binding protein ligands within bead causes a change in density bead. When these suspended paramagnetic aqueous buffer placed between poles two NbFeB magnets like facing, changes on binding result height can be used quantify amount bound. uses reaction–diffusion model...

Proteinaceous plaques associated with neurodegenerative diseases contain many biopolymers including the polyanions glycosaminoglycans and nucleic acids. Polyanion-induced amyloid fibrillation has been implicated in disease etiology, but structural models for amyloid/nucleic acid co-assemblies remain limited. Here we constrain acid/peptide interactions model peptides that exploit electrostatic complementarity define a novel co-assembly. The structure provides acid/amyloid co-assembly as well...

Long-distance electron transfer in marine environments couples physically separated redox half-reactions, impacting biogeochemical cycles of iron, sulfur and carbon. Bacterial bio-electrochemical systems that facilitate via conductive filaments or across man-made electrodes are well known, but the impact abiotic currents naturally occurring semiconducitve minerals is poorly understood. In this paper I use cyclic voltammetry to explore between made common iron (magnetite, hematite, pyrite,...

The kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) have been studied in aqueous DMSO, dioxane, and MeCN. In all solvent mixtures reaction rate steadily decreases to half its value pure water range 0−70 vol % organic cosolvent sharply increases with lower content. Correlations based on different scales empirical parameters failed describe effect this system, but it can be satisfactorily treated terms a simplified stepwise solvent-exchange model. Alkali metal ions...

The "RNA World" hypothesis suggests that an early form of life on Earth was based nucleic acid strands able to store genetic information and catalyze a wide range reactions including those which lead self-replication. For this be true there must exist efficient process for creating RNA or RNA-like polymers mixed sequences from short precursors, where these have long enough fold into catalytically active structures (at least 40 bases). We report the polymerization dimeric hexameric 5'-amino-...

Using 80% vol aqueous DMSO as the reaction medium for transesterification of an RNA model substrate 2-hydroxypropyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate allows one to observe catalysis in buffer mixtures composed highly basic components such guanidines, amidines or alkylamines, which provide up 103-fold accelerations over background 0.01–0.1 M concentration range. The rate law kobs = k1[B] + k2[B][BH+] was established indicating contributions from both simple general base and involving concerted action...

The rhizosphere, the narrow zone of soil around plant roots, is a complex network interactions between plants, bacteria, and variety other organisms. absolute dependence on host-derived signals, or xenognosins, to regulate critical developmental checkpoints for host commitment in obligate parasitic plants provides window into rhizosphere's chemical dynamics. These sessile intruders use H2O2 process known as semagenesis chemically modify mature root surfaces proximal generate p-benzoquinones...

The RNA world hypothesis simplifies the complex biopolymer networks underlining informational and metabolic needs of living systems to a single scaffold. This simplification requires abiotic reaction cascades for construction RNA, this chemistry remains subject active research. Here, we explore complementary approach involving design dynamic peptide capable amplifying encoded chemical information setting stage mutualistic associations with RNA. Peptide conformational are known be evolution...

Kinetics of the cleavage two phosphate diesters, bis(4-nitrophenyl) and 2-hydroxypropyl 4-nitrophenyl a triester, diphenyl phosphate, in presence Mg(II), Ca(II) Sr(II) were studied 90% vol. DMSO at 37 °C. The alkaline hydrolysis triester was inhibited by all cations, but with both phosphodiesters strong catalytic effects observed. Potentiometric titrations metal perchlorates Bu4N(OH) revealed formation M2(OH)3+, M(OH)+, M(OH)2 M2(OH)5− species. Rate constants for phosphodiester individual...

Spontaneous reactions between plant and bacterial redox active metabolites can result in reaction-diffusion networks that regulate gradients ROS concentrations. Our model system mimics known biological processes observed plants, including the oxidative burst, travelling waves, chemical pattern formation. Similar non-enzymatic natural products may play a role plant-bacteria interactions, biofilm microbiome regulation, be useful for development of narrow range antibiotics.

Despite many years of research, results from prebiotic chemistry experiments—where biologically relevant compounds are formed simple monomers such as cyanate, CO2, or formaldehyde— still yield complex mixtures with only trace amounts the molecules interest. The prevailing idea that life originated a sequence chemical reactions, starting very active and evolving into progressively more systems, might be incorrect for two reasons: First, after 70 experiments, we lack robust experimental...

Potassium ion is the most common compound in all living organisms, with intercellular [K+]:[Na+] ratios greater than 1 across domains of life. While natural aquifers are rich sodium, it believed that localized potassium-rich environments were crucial for initiating prebiotic reaction networks leading to origin Several current hypotheses, based on modern geochemical observations, suggest hydrothermal fields and their associated clays could have provided such environments. My work expands...

Abstract Proteinaceous plaques associated with neurodegenerative diseases contain many biopolymers including the polyanions glycosaminoglycans and nucleic acids. Polyanion‐induced amyloid fibrillation has been implicated in disease etiology, but structural models for amyloid/nucleic acid co‐assemblies remain limited. Here we constrain acid/peptide interactions model peptides that exploit electrostatic complementarity define a novel co‐assembly. The structure provides acid/amyloid co‐assembly...

Rate of the hydrolysis bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate in 90% v/v aqueous DMSO increases 103–105 times presence 1–2 mM alkaline-earth cations, which same concentration range do not affect reaction rate water.

The article discusses the best options for preparation of blood and milk samples purpose diagnosing retroviral enzootic bovine leukosis in  cattle assessing origin dairy products from sick or healthy animals. effectiveness using in native state after their processing with removal red cells, membranes, fat component casein were analyzed. It has been established that when performing screening analysis it can be carried out whole samples. This is especially possible case diagnosis disease at...