Now close to 50 percent of GDP, this paper assesses the appropriateness China's current investment levels.It finds that capital-to-output ratio is within range other emerging markets, but its economic growth rates stand out, partly due a surge in over last decade.Moreover, significantly higher than suggested by cross-country panel estimation.This deviation has been accumulating decade, and at nearly 10 GDP now larger more persistent experienced Asian economies leading up crisis.However,...

This paper assesses how pro-poor and inclusive Asia's recent growth has been, what factors have been driving these outcomes.It finds that while poverty fallen across the region over last two decades, inequality increased, dampening impact of on reduction.As a result, relative to other emerging developing regions own past, period both less pro-poor.Our analysis suggests number policies could help redress trends broaden benefits in Asia.These include fiscal increase spending health, education,...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of IMF.The expressed in this are those author(s) and do necessarily represent IMF or policy.Working Papers describe research progress by published to elicit comments further debate.The effects on trade performance corporate taxes value-added tax (VAT) continue excite controversy but have received little empirical attention.This paper uses panel data for OECD countries from 1967 2003 examine these export performance, paying...

This paper uses disaggregated trade data to assess how the expansion of China's production capacity and its changing structure may be affecting linkages with other countries. It finds that China is moving away from traditional assembly operations in processing activities exports have started rely more on domestically sourced components. In turn, imports begun delink, increased domestic sourcing contributing recent increase balance. addition, as moves up value chain, both become sophisticated...

This paper assesses how pro-poor and inclusive Asia’s recent growth has been, what factors have been driving these outcomes. It finds that while poverty fallen across the region over last two decades, inequality increased, dampening impact of on reduction. As a result, relative to other emerging developing regions own past, period both less pro-poor. Our analysis suggests number policies could help redress trends broaden benefits in Asia. These include fiscal increase spending health,...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of IMF.The expressed in this are those author(s) and do necessarily represent IMF or policy.Working Papers describe research progress by published to elicit comments further debate.This paper uses disaggregated trade data assess how expansion China's production capacity its changing structure may affecting linkages with other countries.It finds that China is moving away from traditional assembly operations processing...

This paper proposes a possible framework for identifying excessive investment.Based on this method, it finds evidence that some types of investment are becoming in China, particularly inland provinces.In these regions, private consumption has average become more dependent (rather than vice versa) and the impact is relatively short-lived, necessitating ever higher levels to maintain economic activity.By contrast, self-sustaining coastal provinces, large part because here tends benefit...

Antimicrobial fabrics have become essential in organizing and managing infestation reducing odor formation by microbes. Various green sources add antimicrobial properties to fabrics, particularly cotton. However, the major problem with microbial is reduction activity after each wash. Cupressaceae pods shown natural potential as an agent herbal medicine. This study utilizes for incorporating cotton fabrics. After methanolic extraction of extract, it was applied The application extract...

This paper proposes a possible framework for identifying excessive investment. Based on this method, it finds evidence that some types of investment are becoming in China, particularly inland provinces. In these regions, private consumption has average become more dependent (rather than vice versa) and the impact is relatively short-lived, necessitating ever higher levels to maintain economic activity. By contrast, self-sustaining coastal provinces, large part because here tends benefit...

The food industry is considered one of the main contributors to plastic waste due packaging. Sustainable and degradable packaging solutions are need hour. Biopolymers have proved be a promising replacement for petroleum-based polymers. reason their various intrinsic properties, such as antimicrobial nature degradability. objective this study was develop chitosan/nanocrystalline cellulose- polylactic acid-based biofilms. biofilms were developed using drop-casting method. characterized by...

Abstract Needless electrospinning (NES) is the most advanced and robust method to generate biopolymeric nanofibers. NES overcomes needle clogging low throughput issues of conventional based (ES). However, issue with all ES techniques absence generalized methods in literature, work being done empirically. The solvent system dictates feasibility process, studies can help create more methods. current provides a systematic approach fabricating tribiopolymeric was used fabricate chitosan...

Evidence that cash flow has a significant effect on company investment spending, after controlling for Tobin's average Q, often been interpreted as suggesting the importance of financing constraints. Recent work measurement error in Q model casts doubt this interpretation. It is possible may not be identified if there are 'bubbles' stock market valuations both persistent over time and correlated with fundamental values. Cash then provide additional information about expected profitability...

The effects on trade performance of corporate taxes and the value-added tax (VAT) continue to excite controversy but have received little empirical attention. This paper uses panel data for OECD countries from 1967 2003 examine these export performance, paying particular attention potentially complex dynamic which theory points. It finds that increased reliance VAT revenue tends be associated with a sharp reduction in net exports, quickly fades. may reflect unrelated movements consumption,...

Is the recovery from global financial crisis now secured? A strikingly similar that stalled Japan's growth miracle two decades ago could provide some clues. This paper explores parallels and draws potential implications for current outlook policies. experiences suggest four broad lessons. First, green shoots do not guarantee a recovery, implying need to be cautious about outlook. Second, fragilities can leave an economy vulnerable adverse shocks should resolved durable recovery. Third,...

Now close to 50 percent of GDP, this paper assesses the appropriateness China's current investment levels. It finds that capital-to-output ratio is within range other emerging markets, but its economic growth rates stand out, partly due a surge in over last decade. Moreover, significantly higher than suggested by cross-country panel estimation. This deviation has been accumulating decade, and at nearly 10 GDP now larger more persistent experienced Asian economies leading up crisis. However,...

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with various human exposure sources. It accumulates in the liver, forming complex metallothionein protein and progresses to other organs. As metal, cadmium can replace calcium divalent ions disturb their cascades, ultimately affecting vital Since acetate (CA) considered more lethal than Cd compounds, current study examines effect of different concentrations CA doses drinking water for times murine models (Mus musculus). After period, were then examined...