Microemulsions encompass a viable injection fluid candidate in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their exceptional ability extract residual from natural reservoirs via several mechanistic approaches. However, challenges exist the field during interface–rheology relationship, handling, and limitations terms of microemulsion composition. In present paper, favorability novel, cost-effective stabilized by an olefin sulfonate surfactant (ENORDET) and/or silica nanoparticles has been investigated...

Surface alloying is necessary to enhance the surface features of machine elements. In present study, feasibility micro-electric discharge machining (micro-EDM) process for has been investigated. Experiments are conducted on Nickel sheets using tool Ti6Al4V with EDM oil and kerosene as dielectric. The modification takes place by spark discharges localized regions work piece causing melting piece, disassociation dielectric, alloying, quenching in electrolyte. samples were analyzed field...

This article explains production of nickel nanoparticles through a micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM) process with combination different parameters. The was carried out in dielectric medium (deionized water) developed micro-EDM while polyvinyl alcohol worked as the stabilizing agent. characterization nanoparticle done by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...

This study was undertaken to observe the effect of nano-composite coating on steel surface for enhancing its tribological properties. In investigation, EN31 surfaces were coated with (Ni-WS2) by pulse current co-deposition process in order improve properties surface. The coatings prepared according different parameter settings. variations thickness, microstructure, morphology, microhardness and observed. maximum thickness 117 µm 8% weight WS2 particle concentration could be attained...

Abstract The sheath-edge electric field ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) is an important parameter to patch the quasi-neutral pre-sheath and non-neutral sheath regions. choice of significantly influences theoretically estimated values width, potential, ion density distribution inside sheath, as determined by Poisson equation. precise nature has...

We investigate the discharge characteristics of a low-pressure geometrically asymmetric cylindrical capacitively coupled plasma with an axisymmetric magnetic field generating E × B drift in azimuthal direction. Vital parameters, including electron density, temperature, DC self-bias, and energy probability function (EEPF), are studied experimentally for different strength (B) values. A transition parameters is observed specific range fields where highly efficient lower temperature. Outside...

Abstract The saturation current ratio (SCR) method is considered to be one of the simplest methods determine plasma electronegativity in electronegative discharges using a Langmuir probe (LP). However, its accuracy susceptible errors incurred estimation electron and positive ion currents from ampere–voltage characteristics obtained by cylindrical LP partly due estimating flux at sheath boundary. In spite wide use, these underlying limitations their remedies have not been adequately...

This paper presents the plasma potential distribution across magnetic field lines in an argon/oxygen created by 13.56 MHz CCRF discharge consisting of a pair ring electrodes. It is found that radial density, electron temperature, and shows unusual trends as strength gas pressure increase. An analytical model has been formulated to explain profile when short-circuiting effect due conducting boundaries can be neglected. with certain approximations, very well related local bulk...

This paper presents the discharge properties of a novel cylindrical Capacitively Coupled Plasma (CCP) with an axisymmetric magnetic field. It is observed that increase in field strength, electron temperature increases steadily towards peripheral region; however, plasma density and potential tend to remain maximum at center. The higher region leads faster decay radial boundary, consistent analytical model. ion flux distribution uniform within 5% range. With application field, EEPF depicts...

This work shows the development of a volume-produced negative ion source that consists annular parallel plates driven by 13.56 MHz capacitively coupled radio frequency in push-pull configuration. advantages controlling plasma conditions varying pressure, power, and applied axial magnetic field. It is found configuration allows potential to remain range 20 40 Volts. Conversely, application field helps serves augment production ions central hollow part plate. Further, plausible explanation...

The dielectric constant of a sheath, whether ionic or electronic, formed around the cylindrical limbs hairpin probe, is often considered same as that vacuum. However, this assumption does not hold true for electron sheaths and electron-permeating sheaths, resulting in deviation sheath from This significantly influences effective between limbs. As result, it impacts theoretically estimated resonance frequency characteristic curve DC-biased probe. In study, we investigate influence temperature...

We have determined pressure-volume relationship, bulk modulus and its pressure derivatives up to third order for γ-Fe2O3 nanomaterial. used the Holzapfel AP2 EOS which has a fundamental physical origin based on Thomas-Fermi electron gas model in limit of extreme compression. The Grüneisen parameter γ volume dependence are also investigated using generalized free theory. results computed present study compared with those obtained recently by Srivastava et al. Birch-Murnaghan, Brennan-Stacey...

This study validates the dependency of strain sensitivity uniform long period fiber grating (LPFG) on its periodic structure and mode order. Due to applied axial material waveguide parameters LPFG changes which cause shifts in position attenuation band spectra. The shift is used gauge response cladding modes LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> , xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sub>...

The paper reflects the analysis of effective refractive indices (ERIs) optical fiber's core and cladding modes on basis two different geometries narrating its quantitative structure. ERI is one basic most significant parameters while studying characteristics fiber, useful in communication applications. But accuracy up to few decimal places remains major concern when calculating fiber before going fabrication. SMF-28 specifications are used here evaluate ERIs using layer three geometries....

The anomalous ultrasonic attenuation of longitudinal wave propagated in KDP and DKDP have been discussed calculated near Curie-temperature (Tc) Para- electric phase the frequency range 5 to 50 MHz. waves is primarily due a strong interaction with thermally excited phonon coupled-soft mode. Temperature variations are discussed. Anharmonicity crystal potential essential discuss (observe) critical attenuation.

The negative ion density and temperature are the two fundamental parameters that necessary to quantify properties of electronegative discharges. However, determining these by means electrostatic probes can be quite challenging because inherent inaccuracies involved in electron/ion saturation currents, electron temperatures plasma potential, which relies on charge particle collection probe surface; as well sheath models originally developed for an ideal collision-less plasma. This paper...

We investigate the discharge characteristics of a low-pressure geometrically asymmetric cylindrical capacitively coupled plasma with an axisymmetric magnetic field generating EXB drift in azimuthal direction. Vital parameters, including electron density, temperature, DC self-bias, and Electron Energy distribution function (EEDF), are studied experimentally for varying strength (B). A transition asymmetry is observed along range fields where highly efficient lower temperature. Outside this...

Laboratory plasma experiments serve as an essential tool for mimicking complicated phenomena seen in space and at the plasma-material interface encountered industrial fusion applications. The parameter aforementioned medium typically ranges from extremely low densities (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> particles m xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) to high n <inf...

The 6 MV Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) Facility at the Nuclear Physics Division, BARC is operational and accelerated beams of both light heavy ions are being used extensively for basic applied research. An average vacuum order 10−8−10−9 Torr maintained maximum beam transmission minimum energy spreads. FOTIA system comprises about 55 meter long, 100 mm diameter lines including various diagnostic devices, two accelerating tubes four narrow chambers. cross sections chambers 14mm × 24mm...