Levels of 13 organophosphate esters (OPEs) and 45 brominated chlorinated flame retardants (BFRs) were measured in particle phase atmospheric samples collected at Longyearbyen on Svalbard the European Arctic from September 2012 to May 2013. Total OPE (ΣOPEs) concentrations ranged 33 1450 pg/m3, with mean ΣOPE concentration 430 ± 57 pg/m3. The nonchlorinated tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl (EHDPP) most abundant congeners measured, sum all comprised ∼75% concentrations. was...

Levels of 12 organophosphate flame retardants (OPs) were measured in particle phase samples collected at five sites the North American Great Lakes basin from March 2012 to December (inclusive). The target compounds three chlorinated OPs [tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) (TCPP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) (TDCPP)], alkyl phosphates [tri-n-butyl (TnBP), tris(butoxyethyl) (TBEP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) (TEHP)], six aryl [triphenyl (TPP), tri-o-tolyl (TOTP),...

This is the first study in last 15 years to analyze per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) breast milk collected from mothers (n = 50) United States, our findings indicate that both legacy current-use PFAS now contaminate milk, exposing nursing infants. Breast was analyzed for 39 PFAS, including 9 short-chain 30 long-chain compounds, 16 of these were detected 4-100% samples. The ∑PFAS concentration ranged 52.0 1850 pg/mL with a median 121 pg/mL. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)...

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs or "quats") make up a class of chemicals used as disinfectants in cleaning and other consumer products. While disinfection is recommended for maintaining safe environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, increased use QACs concerning exposure to these has been associated with adverse effects on reproductive respiratory systems. We have determined occurrence 19 residential dust collected before pandemic. were detected >90% samples pandemic at concentrations...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make up a large group of fluorinated organic compounds extensively used in consumer products industrial applications. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), the two perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with 8 carbons their structure, have been phased out on global scale because high environmental persistence toxicity. As result, shorter-chain PFAAs less than structure are being as replacements now widely detected environment, raising...

After the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), use alternative flame retardants (AFRs), such as FireMaster 550, and organophosphate esters (OPEs) has increased. However, little is known about human exposure to these chemicals. This lack biomonitoring studies partially due absence reliable noninvasive biomarkers exposure. Human hair nails can provide integrated measurements, such, matrices potentially be used retardants. Paired hair, fingernail, toenail, serum samples obtained...

Flame retardants are widely used industrial chemicals that added to polymers, such as polyurethane foam, prevent them from rapidly burning if exposed a small flame or smoldering cigarette. retardants, especially brominated many polymeric products at percent levels and present in most upholstered furniture mattresses. Most of these so-called "additive" not chemically bound the polymer; thus, they migrate materials into environment people. As result, some have become widespread pollutants,...

Air and precipitation samples were collected every 12 days at five sites near the North American Great Lakes from 2005 to 2011 (inclusive) by Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN). The concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) selected alternative brominated flame retardants [pentabromoethyl benzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBE or BTBPE), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB),...

Silicone wristbands are being increasingly used to assess human exposure semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). However, it is unclear what pathways integrate. To test the hypothesis that integrate inhalation and dermal exposures, we measured 38 chemicals from four compound groups (PAHs, PBDEs, nBFRs, OPEs) in silicone brooches, active air samples (Occupational Safety Health Administration Versatile Sampler or OVS cartridge), hand wipes 10 adults during a 72-hour period. Phenanthrene,...

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used in a variety of consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical products. In this study, bioaccumulation potentials 18 QACs with alkyl chain lengths C8–C18 were determined the vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) model using results human hepatic metabolism serum protein binding experiments. The slowest clearance rates estimated for C12-QACs, suggesting that these may preferentially build up blood. was further confirmed by analysis blood (sera)...

Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants were measured in about 40 samples of tree bark from 12 locations around the globe. The analytes polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromobenzene (PBBz), tetrabromo-p-xylene (pTBX). highest concentrations these compounds detected at an urban site Downsview, Ontario, Canada. Total PBDE DP ranged 2.1 to...

Air (vapor and particle) precipitation samples were collected at five sites (two urban, one rural, two remote) around the Great Lakes during 2005–2009 as a part of Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN). The concentrations polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) measured in these samples. highest compounds generally observed urban sites—Chicago...

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) were measured in atmospheric vapor and particle samples collected at six sites the Laurentian Great Lakes basin every 12 days from January to December 2017 (inclusive). Median total OPE concentrations (∑OPEs) ranged 41.2 pg/m3 Eagle Harbor, Michigan 1320 Cleveland, Ohio. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was most abundant these contributed 26% ∑OPE concentrations. The spatial distribution of OPEs among suggests that with longer half-lives relatively high...

The concentrations of six organophosphate esters (OPEs) in atmospheric particle phase samples collected once every 12 days at five sites the North American Great Lakes basin over period March 2012 to December 2014, inclusive, are reported. These OPEs include tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) (TCIPP), and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) (TDCIPP), tri-n-butyl (TNBP), triphenyl (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl (EHDP). Median total OPE (∑OPE) ranged from 93 pg/m3 Sleeping...

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of surfactants commonly used in disinfecting and cleaning products. Their use has substantially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic leading to increasing human exposure. QACs have been associated with hypersensitivity reactions an risk asthma. This study introduces first identification, characterization semi-quantification European indoor dust using ion-mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry (IM-HRMS), including acquisition collision...

To investigate the relationship between levels of persistent organic pollutants in tree bark (a passive sampler) and those air precipitation, precipitation samples were collected during same time period at five U.S. Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN) sites located Great Lakes basin. The concentrations polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Dechlorane Plus, decabromodiphenyl ethane, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDTs, chlordanes measured these samples. Overall, pollutant are significantly...