A5039078557- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Climate change and permafrost
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Plant and animal studies
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Marine animal studies overview
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Climate variability and models
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
2016-2025
Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate
2018-2025
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
2013-2024
CREA Mont-Blanc
2012-2022
The FRAM Centre
2012-2021
University of Trento
2020
Fondazione Edmund Mach
2020
NILU
1999-2016
University of Iceland
2015
University of Oulu
2013
▪ Abstract In large-herbivore populations, environmental variation and density dependence co-occur have similar effects on various fitness components. Our review aims to quantify the temporal variability of components examine how that affects changes in population growth rates. Regardless source variation, adult female survival shows little year-to-year [coefficient (CV <10%)], fecundity prime-aged females yearling rates show moderate <20%), juvenile young strong >30%). Old...
ABSTRACT Aim Concerns over how global change will influence species distributions, in conjunction with increased emphasis on understanding niche dynamics evolutionary and community contexts, highlight the growing need for robust methods to quantify differences between or within taxa. We propose a statistical framework describe compare environmental niches from occurrence spatial data. Location Europe, North America South America. Methods The applies kernel smoothers densities of gridded...
Summary 1. Functional traits are increasingly used to investigate community structure, ecosystem functioning or classify species into functional groups. These expected be variable between and within species. Intraspecific variability is supposed influence modulate responses environmental changes their effects on environment. However, this hypothesis remains poorly tested mostly described by mean trait values without any consideration of in individual values. 2. In study, we quantify the...
In an age- or stage-structured population, a given change on proportional scale of different fitness components has effects the population growth rate. Because earlier studies have shown that variability is selectively disadvantageous for long-lived iteroparous species, whose variation greatest impact rate are expected to be canalized against temporal variability. We present here test such canalization most influential growth. If occurs, (1) within variance should less than noncanalized...
Abstract: Because data on rare species usually are sparse, it is important to have efficient ways sample additional data. Traditional sampling approaches of limited value for because a very large proportion randomly chosen sites unlikely shelter the species. For these species, spatial predictions from niche‐based distribution models can be used stratify and increase efficiency. New sampled then improve initial model. Applying this approach repeatedly an adaptive process that may allow...
Summary 1. Functional traits have been extensively used to describe, group and rank species according their functions. There is now growing evidence that intraspecific functional variability, as well interspecific can significant effects on community dynamics ecosystem functioning. A core hypothesis for the use of expressed means, variability negligible compared with has however too rarely tested empirically. We then addressed four questions: Is across ranges variability? Are major resource...
The current rate of warming due to increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is very likely unprecedented over the last 10,000 y. Although majority countries have adopted view that global must be limited <2 °C, GHG emission rates and nonagreement at Copenhagen December 2009 increase likelihood this limit being exceeded by 2100. Extensive evidence has linked major changes biological systems 20th century warming. "Global 200" comprises 238 ecoregions exceptional biodiversity [Olson DM,...
Understanding niche evolution, dynamics, and the response of species to climate change requires knowledge determinants environmental range limits. Mean values climatic variables are often used in such analyses. In contrast, increasing frequency extremes suggests importance understanding their additional influence on Here, we assess how measures representing (i.e., interannual variability parameters) explain predict spatial patterns 11 tree Switzerland. We find clear, although comparably...
1 Range expansions mediated by recent climate warming have been documented for many insect species, including some important forest pests. However, whether change also influences the eruptive dynamics of pest insects, and hence ecological economical consequences outbreaks, is largely unresolved. 2 Using historical outbreak records covering more than a century, we document range two species cyclic geometrid moth, Operophtera brumata Bkh. (winter moth) Epirrita autumnata L. (autumnal moth), in...
Abstract Metabarcoding approaches use total and typically degraded DNA from environmental samples to analyse biotic assemblages can potentially be carried out for any kinds of organisms in an ecosystem. These analyses rely on specific markers, here called metabarcodes, which should optimized taxonomic resolution, minimal bias amplification the target organism group short sequence length. Using bioinformatic tools, we developed metabarcodes several groups organisms: fungi, bryophytes,...
In order to understand the role of herbivores in trophic webs, it is essential know what they feed on. Diet analysis is, however, a challenge many small with secretive life style. this paper, we compare novel (high-throughput pyrosequencing) DNA barcoding technology for plant mixture traditional microhistological method. We analysed stomach contents two ecologically important subarctic vole species, Microtus oeconomus and Myodes rufocanus, methods. was conducted using P6-loop chloroplast trn...
Abstract Ecosystems across the globe are threatened by climate change and human activities. New rapid survey approaches for monitoring biodiversity would greatly advance assessment understanding of these threats. Taking advantage next‐generation DNA sequencing, we tested an approach call metabarcoding: high‐throughput simultaneous taxa identification based on a very short (usually <100 base pairs) but informative fragment. Short fragments allow use degraded from environmental samples. All...
Suggestions of collapse in small herbivore cycles since the 1980s have raised concerns about loss essential ecosystem functions. Whether such phenomena are general and result from extrinsic environmental changes or intrinsic process stochasticity is currently unknown. Using a large compilation time series vole abundances, we demonstrate consistent cycle amplitude dampening associated with reduction winter population growth, although regulatory processes responsible for cyclicity not been...
All Together Now Environmental drivers, such as extreme weather events, impact population dynamics and can synchronize across populations within a species. Given that many species depend on similar resources, events might also be expected to species, but the complexity of multispecies communities makes it difficult reveal potential drivers in common. Hansen et al. (p. 313 ) took advantage simplicity year-round community high-arctic island Spitsbergen test for presence synchrony. Population...
Metabarcoding of lake sediments have been shown to reveal current and past biodiversity, but little is known about the degree which taxa growing in vegetation are represented environmental DNA (eDNA) records. We analysed composition catchment vascular plant eDNA at 11 lakes northern Norway. Out 489 records within 2 m from shore, 17–49% (mean 31%) identifiable recorded were detected with eDNA. Of 217 47 lakes, 73% 12% matched surveys up 50 away lakeshore, respectively, whereas 16% not same...
1. A central concept in ruminant foraging ecology is that even slight changes plant quality affect body growth substantially, because ruminants not only gain more protein and energy but also use less time for rumination when eating high-quality forage. Increased access to highly nutritious forage thus regarded as an important driving force the evolution of migration large herbivores, temporal spatial variation huge. Body weight turn a major determinant reproductive performance survival...
1 In long-lived species, adult survival is an important life-history trait. Better knowledge of the effects non-catastrophic climate variation on seabirds therefore needed. However, documentation such still rare. 2 Using capture–mark–resighting data, we modelled annual rates five species seabirds, common guillemot (Uria aalge), Brünnich's lomvia), razorbill (Alca torda), Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) and black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). The data spanned 14 years observation...