Various greases are often used for lubrication of various roller bearing and more seldom slide bearings operating under rather lower speed values, when the mixed or boundary friction occur, example, during operation in start-stop regime. Three commercial were tested, differing value kinematic viscosity base oils them, measured at temperature 40 °C 100 °C, resulting different dropping point temperature. The rheological properties such have been determined using rotary rheometer. Based on...

To fulfill the need to limit automotive emissions, reducing vehicle weight is widely recommended and achieved in many ways, both by construction of individual elements selection light materials, including Al alloys. Connecting these with each other made iron alloys can be realized, inter alia, welding or stir welding. However, quality welds obtained varies depends on design, operational, environmental factors. The present study focused a review various techniques used join similar dissimilar...

The aim of the paper was to discuss different effects, such as, among others, agglomeration selected nanoparticles, particularly those from zirconia, on tribological behavior lubricants. explanation difference between concepts ‘aggregation’ and ‘agglomeration’ for ZrO2 nanoparticles is included. factors that influence an are considered. Classification thickeners grease, role additives therein, characteristics lithium grease with without additive discussed in paper. including utilized as...

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect newly developed silver nanoparticle aqueous suspensions NanoAg1 and NanoAg2 in mouse models mimicking ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease. were synthesized medium with involvement tannic acid. To elucidate their anti-inflammatory activity, semi-chronic inflammation induced by dextrane sulfate sodium addition drinking water intracolonic (i.c.) administration 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid used. (500 mg/dm3, 100 μl/animal, i.c., once daily)...

Issues related to the various driving gears of valve trains were discussed together with factors affecting them. The study was focused on effect disassembling toothed pulley shrink-fitted crankshaft journal followed by their assembling via pressure fitting. roughness parameters for surfaces a new and worn journal, hardness values measured. model calculations friction coefficient, contact pressure, torque carried zone developed. It found that analyzed components can significantly weaken...

The amount of hybrid vehicles and their contribution have increased in the global market. They are a promising aspect for decrease emissions. Different tests used to determine factors such goal present study was compare emissions two same manufacturer: plug-in version HEV (gasoline + electric engine). These were chosen because they comprise largest market share cars Poland. exhaust emission conducted WLTC on chassis dynamometer under real traffic conditions. Simultaneous testing dyno driving...

In this paper, an original construction of a vehicle vibration damper controlled by means valve based on piezoelectric actuator is presented and investigated. The allows us to control dissipation characteristics the faster than in other solutions adjusting size gap through which oil flows between chambers damper. article also presents results experimental investigation above-mentioned showing possibility changing value damping force five times about 10 ms voltage supplying actuator. Based...

Existing methods of determining vehicle velocity based on measurements body deformation have been linear models. This means that the relationship between equivalent energy speed (EES), which is a measure kinetic lost during collision cars, and value ratio Cs, representing average deformation, has sought. The aim this publication to present nonlinear innovative quick method, or its simpler form, using linearisation in seven consecutive ranges, for EES basis averaged Cs. most critical factor...

Various vibrating screens are often applied in various industries, e.g., mining, agriculture, and others. The complex shapes of the screen trajectories oscillating motion strongly affect best processing properties such machines. One possible methods for obtaining is application double-frequency vibrators on screens. goal present study was to analyze dynamical behavior prototype sifter sieve elaborated. simulation model a research stand studies its were Simulations conducted, their results...

This work concerns non-pressure granulation of mineral materials used for the production agricultural fertilizers soil deacidification. In order to expand product range Nordkalk Poland sp. z o. located in Poland, conditions gypsum–lime mix were examined with use various methods. The processed mixture was Jurassic lime flour mined Sławno mine (Poland) and waste gypsum (sulfogypsum) obtained from largest coal-fired power plant EU, Bełchatów Power Plant (Poland). paper presents results...

Currently, hybrid and electric vehicles have an increasing share in the number of road vehicles. The objectives introducing such include reducing negative impact on environment as well their running costs. With development these vehicles, new risks arise. This paper presents key problems related to issues that are unknown conventional with internal combustion engines. article focuses identifying hazards occur when a or vehicle is use, but also not use. Potential for emergency personnel event...

Currently, apart from the widely known lithium-ion batteries, there are competitive solutions in form of, for example, Li-S batteries. While results of studies on toxicity Li-ion battery components published, such cells just beginning. The purpose current review was to identify materials used production batteries and their toxicity, especially humans. showed many kinds with different levels utilized manufacturing these cells. Some low while some others high one. A lot have assigned hazard...

The stationary photovoltaic array can be used to charge the different vehicle batteries and, in parallel, as a power source for utility grid or standalone devices placed such campers. main objective of study was compare chosen electrical characteristics two assemblies with each containing same PV array, boost converter and inverter, battery, Li-S one Li-ion one, respectively. Differences occurring during modelling were discussed. model analysis. models based on equivalent circuits battery...

Abstract Due to municipal policies that are about be legislated in many cities around the world, it may occur habitants will forced commute ultralight urban low-consuming cars. This paper covers research concerning innovative design, manufacturing method and test of wheel for such a vehicle. The design guidelines were as follows: elevated rigidity durability, reduced weight ease adapt different types hubs powertrains. was achieved by determining forces acting on wheel, examination...

The following paper describes research on vehicle suspension elements: the ball joints. worn surface roughness of selected pins and their bearings was compared in terms mileage, utilization period, car model. Ball pin measured using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), whereas for bearing surface, profilometer used. aim this study to determine resistive torque an unloaded joint. Using finite element method, models joint were analyzed two scenarios: with without interference between its...