Acknowledgements Introduction: Neoliberalism and Social Transformation Chapter 1: The Rise Crisis of the Chilean National-Developmentalist State 2: Chicago to Rescue - Emergence in Chile 3: Creative Destruction, 1973-1989 4: From Retrenchment 'Seven Modernisations' Great Welfare Institutions 5: Towards a Third Way? Politics Policy Post-Dictatorship 6: Production, Power Exports Political Economy 7: Labour Flexibilisation 8: Growth with Equity? Anti-Poverty Programmes, 1990-2003 9: Uncertain...

We propose that learning proper hitting kinematics should be encouraged at a young age during youth baseball because this may help reinforce as player progresses to higher levels of in their adult years. To enhance our understanding between and hitting, kinematic temporal analyses were evaluated with high-speed motion analysis system 12 skilled players. There only small number differences hitters, hitters taking significantly greater time than the stride phase swing. Compared a) had ( p <...

Study Design A repeated-measures, counterbalanced design. Objectives To test the effectiveness of 7 commercial abdominal machines (Ab Slide, Ab Twister, Rocker, Roller, Doer, Torso Track, SAM) and 2 common exercises (crunch, bent-knee sit-up) on activating extraneous (nonabdominal) musculature. Background Numerous machine are believed to be effective in musculature minimizing low back stress, but there minimal data substantiate these claims. Many also activate nonabdominal musculature, which...

Physical fitness and physical conditioning have long been valued by the military for their roles in enhancing mission-specific performance reducing risk of injury warfighter. It is not known whether plays a causal role attenuating acute stress reactions or evolution post-traumatic disorder.The objective this study was to determine influences impact stressful events during survival training 31 men.Participants self-reported most recent Readiness Test scores completed trait anxiety measure...

Sleep disruption is an emergent military health issue, but remarkably little known of its prevalence or comorbidities in the combat zone. This study was designed to quantify and mental correlates sleep among personnel serving within a ground zone during Operation Enduring Freedom. large, cross-sectional survey active duty reserve U.S. Navy (N = 3,175). Self-reported measures included total hours per day, required feel well-rested, difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep. The also measured...

Until recently, no self‐report instruments have examined psychological skills use in both practice and competition. In light of the significant role sport performance outcomes, a need exists to measure these domains. This study was designed investigate differences strategies US Olympians The Test Performance Strategies administered 176 participants 2000 Sydney Olympic Summer Games. Discriminant function analyses demonstrated between medalists nonmedalists competition strategies. Furthermore,...

We examined the responsiveness of both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to stress survival training in military men evaluated relationships performance, peritraumatic dissociation, subsequent impact stressful events.Baseline salivary samples were self-collected by 19 at 0900 1930 a free-living (FL) environment. DHEAS also collected subset this sample (N = 12). Samples subsequently taken similar time points during captivity (SC) phase training. Repeated-measures analyses...

A motion system collected 120-Hz data from 14 baseball adult hitters using normal and choke-up bat grips. Six swings were digitized for each hitter, temporal kinematic parameters calculated. Compared with a grip, the grip resulted in 1) less time during stride phase swing; 2) upper torso more opened at lead foot contact; 3) pelvis closed linear velocity bat-ball 4) range of 5) greater elbow flexion 6) peak right extension angular velocity. The decreased when implies that quicken their they...

In this randomized, controlled field study, we examined the effects of a brief psychological skills training (PST) intervention on stress responses during military survival school. A second purpose was to build upon prior research in unique environment by extending follow-up window 3 months. Baseline subjective distress (dissociative) symptoms were measured 65 male subjects, who then randomized either PST or control group that received no beyond normal school curriculum. arousal control,...

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are anabolic prehormones involved in the synthesis of testosterone. Both have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects during stress. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind field study, we examined a 12-day regimen on stress indices military men undergoing survival training. Forty-eight were randomized either treatment group or placebo control group. The received 50 mg oral supplementation daily for 5 days classroom training...

Functional movement is a valuable indicator of physical performance, injury risk, and/or musculoskeletal impairment following injury. However, genetic variation and gene–environment interactions that may affect functional are largely unexplored. We recently reported linkage between trauma exposure in male tactical athletes. Here, we examined the effect common variant, rs737865, within catechol-O-methyltransferase gene on specialized military personnel (N = 134). also explored whether...

ABSTRACT Introduction Readiness is a ubiquitous term in DoD doctrine and has been broadly defined as the ability of military forces to meet demands assigned missions. There currently no criterion standard readiness there also lack published measures for individual service member, fundamental building block force readiness. This report describes development validation Military Scale-15 (MRS-15), self-report instrument, U.S. Naval Aircrew. Materials Methods Scale items were developed by human...

Accumulating evidence suggests that negative affect is associated with elevated cortisol. Limited research has investigated this association in young, highly functioning, and stress-resilient populations.We examined the relation of trait anxiety total diurnal salivary cortisol during free-living conditions a stressful military exercise 26 men ages 19-30 yr (M = 21.6, SD 2.3). Salivary was assessed at five time points over 2 consecutive days measurement, three experience. Trait measured...

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it explores delayed effects high endogenously evoked cortisol concentrations on visuo-spatial declarative memory. Subsequently, applies multiple mediation (MM) analyses to reveal path processes between stress and cognitive performance in a sample 24 male Special Forces (SF) candidates (mean age = 27.0 years, SD 4.1). SF were randomly assigned control (n 12) or an intense group 12), secretion for the condition was triggered by brusque 60 min prisoner...

Sleep disruption is a growing concern among military personnel. Very little known, however, regarding sleep and associated factors in members serving combat environments. We sought to quantify the prevalence of personnel zone during Operation Enduring Freedom, utilizing cross-sectional survey active duty reserve U.S. Navy Afghanistan theater (N = 6,118). Survey measures included total hours per day, needed feel well rested, difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep. Other reported outcomes...

Evidence points to heightened physiological arousal in response acute stress exposure as both a prospective indicator and core characteristic of posttraumatic disorder (PTSD). Because females may be at higher risk for PTSD development, it is important evaluate sex differences reactions. This study characterized cardiovascular subjective reactions among military survival trainees. One hundred eighty-five members (78% males) were studied before, during, 24 h after stressful mock captivity....