Abstract We study the occurrence and dynamics of rogue waves in three-dimensional deep water using phase-resolved numerical simulations based on a high-order spectral (HOS) method. obtain large ensemble nonlinear wave-field ( $M= 3$ HOS method), initialized by parameters over broad range, from which wave statistics are investigated. The results compared to those broad-band modified Schrödinger (BMNLS) equations. Our show that for (initially) narrow-band narrow directional spreading fields,...

This paper introduces a real-time digital twin for ship operations in seaways. The concept of the is becoming popular, and it adopted operation systems this study. In particular, new innovative to predict ocean waves hydrodynamic performances, such as seakeeping maneuvering, which enables risk optimum route be forecast real time. An essential element realization prediction waves. Hence, sophisticated algorithm wave reconstruction using measured wave-radar images developed, extended...

We study the generalized Bragg scattering of surface waves over a wavy bottom. consider problem in general context nonlinear wave–wave interactions, and write down provide geometric constructions for resonance conditions second-order triad (class I) third-order quartet II class III) wave– bottom interactions. Class I involving one two wave components is classical. manifests nonlinearity (it involves components), has been studied laboratory. III new result free-surface resonant interaction...

We develop an efficient high-order boundary-element method with the mixed-Eulerian–Lagrangian approach for simulation of fully nonlinear three-dimensional wave–wave and wave–body interactions. For illustration, we apply this to study two steep wave problems. (The application interactions is addressed in accompanying paper: Liu, Xue & Yue 2001.) In first problem, investigate dynamics overturning breaking waves. obtain detailed kinematics full quantification effects upon plunging....

The dynamics of the air cavity created by vertical water entry a three-dimensional body is investigated theoretically, computationally and experimentally. study focused in range relatively low Froude numbers, F r ≡ V ( gD ) −1/2 ≤ O (10) (where dropping velocity body, D its characteristic dimension g gravitational acceleration), when inertia gravity effects are comparable. To understand physical processes involved evolution cavity, we conduct laboratory experiments freely spheres. A matched...

The fact that acoustic radiation from a violin at air-cavity resonance is monopolar and can be determined by pure volume change used to help explain related aspects of design evolution. By determining the conductance arbitrarily shaped sound holes, it found air flow perimeter rather than broader sound-hole area dominates conductance, coupling between compressible within its elastic structure lowers Helmholtz frequency for corresponding rigid instrument roughly semitone. As result former, as...

We develop and validate a high-order reconstruction (HOR) method for the phase-resolved of nonlinear wave field given set measurements. HOR optimizes amplitude phase $L$ free components field, accounting interactions up to order $M$ in evolution, obtain that minimizes error between reconstructed For tolerance, are provided scheme itself. To demonstrate validity efficacy HOR, we perform extensive tests general two- three-dimensional fields specified by theoretical Stokes waves, simulations...

In recent years, the subsynchronous oscillation (SSO), which occurs in direct‐drive permanent magnetic synchronous generators (D‐PMSGs)‐based wind farm, has great impact on stability of power system. The different parameters and operation conditions D‐PMSGs lead to interaction (SSI) among D‐PMSGs. What is more, SSI will influence SSO characteristics system D‐PMSGs‐based farm integrated AC network. Here, considering difference or eigenvalue analysis, based small‐signal state‐space model two...

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs), as a candidate for advanced energy storage devices, invite an abundance of interest due to the merits high specific density and eminent safety. Nevertheless, issues overwhelming dendrite growth poor interfacial contact still limit practical application ASSLMBs. Herein, we designed fabricated double-layer composite solid electrolyte (CSE), namely, PVDF-LiTFSI-Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/PVDF-LiTFSI-h-BN (denoted PLLB), The reduction-tolerant...

The mixed-Eulerian–Lagrangian method using high-order boundary elements, described in Xue et al . (2001) for the simulation of fully nonlinear three-dimensional wave–wave and wave–body interactions, is here extended applied to study two problems: ( a ) development bow waves on an advancing ship; b steep wave diffraction high-harmonic loads surface-piercing vertical cylinder. For ), we obtain convergent steady-state profiles flared wedge, Wigley Series 60 hulls. We compare our predictions...

In a recent paper, Segur et al. (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 539, p. 229, 2005, hereafter referred to as ${\cal S}$ showed, based on damped version of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS), that any amount dissipation (of certain type) stabilizes Benjamin–Feir instability modulated Stokes wave train. Their theoretical predictions are confirmed by laboratory experiments for waves small or moderate amplitude, but not large amplitude with relatively perturbations. left open questions regarding...

We investigate, via perturbation analyses, the mechanisms of nonlinear resonant interaction surface-interfacial waves with a rippled bottom in two-layer density-stratified fluid. As one-layer fluid, three classes Bragg resonances are found to exist if interactions up third order wave/ripple steepness considered. expected, wave system associated is more complicated than that Depending on specifics resonance condition, resonance-generated may be surface or internal mode and transmitted...

Operating performance of industrial process on safety and optimality may deteriorate with time due to characteristic variation, it is crucial develop strategies for online operating assessment. Although there have been some studies applications assessment, assessment has not yet paid sufficient attention. This paper proposes a probabilistic framework processes. First, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) used characterize multiple modes. Considering the distribution variables, indices (SI OI) are...

We consider a class of higher order (quartet) Bragg resonance involving two incident wave components and bottom ripple component (so called III resonance). In this case, unlike I/II single one/two components, the frequency resonant wave, which can be reflected or transmitted, is sum difference frequencies. addition to transferring energy across spectrum leading potentially significant spectral transformation, such resonances may generate long (infragravity) waves special importance coastal...

We develop a direct numerical method to study the general problem of nonlinear interactions surface/interfacial waves with variable bottom topography in two-layer density stratified fluid. extend powerful high-order spectral (HOS) for gravity wave dynamics homogeneous fluid case over non-uniform bottom. The is capable capturing among large number mode and ripple components up an arbitrary high order. preserves exponential convergence respect modes original HOS (approximately) linear effort...