We have assessed the biocompatibility of a new composite bone graft consisting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (approximate diameter 0.18-0.36 mm) using cell culture techniques. CPC powder is mixed with PLGA water to yield workable paste that could be sculpted fit contours wound. The then hardens into matrix hydroxyapatite microcrystals containing microspheres. rationale for this design will initially stabilize but can degrade leave behind...

The chemical, physical, and morphological complexity of atmospheric aerosol elemental carbon (EC) presents major problems in assuring measurement accuracy. Since EC black are often considered equivalent, methods based on thermal-optical analysis (TOA) widely used for ambient air samples because no prior knowledge the aerosol's absorption coefficient is required. Nevertheless, different TOA thermal desorption protocols result wide EC-to-total-carbon (TC) variation. We created three response...

Decanethiol [CH3(CH2)9SH] self-assembled monolayer films on silver substrates have been irradiated in selected areas by focused ion or electron bombardment. Subsequent immersion of the sample a solution fluoromercaptan [CF3(CF2)2(CH2)2SH] results attachment this molecule to surface electron-exposed regions, producing micrometer spatial-scale pattern two chemically distinct alkanethiol monolayers. The coverage bombarded was found reach maximum levels 70% at doses 6×1013 ions/cm2 and 50%...

This study examines the role of microstructure and optical properties InGaN/GaN nanowire LED structures on Si(111) having different coverages. Cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements show that all samples exhibit broad emission around intended energy, 1.95 eV (635 nm). While absolute intensity is hard to compare for CL measurement, bandgap (∼3.4 eV) coming from GaN root more pronounced as coverage nanowires decreases, which has less coalescence formation. The width peak likely due variations...

A method for fabricating biomimetic surfaces from intact cell membranes is described. monolayer of alkanethiol on gold covered by a second layer derived the components erythrocyte either self-assembly or Langmuir-Blodgett methods. The resulting asymmetric hybrid was characterized ellipsometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), contact angle, capacitance, voltammetry, and electron atomic force microscopy. membrane measured to be approximately 30-40 in thickness. Using SPR, presence...

Abstract The use of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for the detection and spatially resolved analysis individual high explosive particles is described. A C carbon cluster primary beam was used in a commercial SIMS instrument to analyze samples explosives dispersed as on silicon substrates. In comparison with monatomic bombardment, found greatly enhance characteristic signals from compounds while causing minimal beam‐induced degradation. resistance these degradation under bombardment...

Purpose: Nanoparticle size is important in drug delivery. Clearance of nanoparticles by cells the reticuloendothelial system has been reported to increase with particle size. Further, should be small enough avoid lung or spleen filtering effects. Endocytosis and accumulation tumor tissue enhanced permeability retention effect are also processes that influenced We present results studies designed optimize cross-linked biodegradable stealth polymeric fabricated dispersion...

A method has been developed to fabricate patterned arrays of micrometer-sized monodisperse solid particles ammonium nitrate on hydrophobic silicon surfaces using inkjet printing. The relies dispensing one or more microdrops a concentrated aqueous solution from drop-on-demand (DOD) printer at specific locations substrate rendered by perfluorodecytrichlorosilane monolayer coating. deposited liquid droplets form into the shape spherical shaped cap; during evaporation process, droplet maintains...

This work describes the comparison of experimental measurements electron beam spread in environmental scanning microscope with model predictions. Beam spreading is result primary electrons being scattered out focused by interaction gas molecules low-vacuum specimen chamber. The form a skirt around central probe. intensity depends on pressure chamber, beam-gas path length, energy, and composition. A has been independently developed that, under given set conditions, predicts radial...

Parallel pattern transfer of submicrometer-scale oxide features onto zirconium nitride thin films is reported. The oxidation reaction was verified by Auger microprobe analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Oxide ∼70nm in height can be formed selectively etched a dilute aqueous hydrogen fluoride solution. This provides an interesting route to potential new applications for high-melting point, biocompatible surfaces that possess small feature sizes with controlled geometries.

Abstract The goals of the research effort described in this article are to develop a framework evaluate improvements next‐generation fibers used soft body armor and anticipate long‐term performance potential fiber deterioration. This date has included effect folding on exploring interaction between specific strain energy their sound velocity. Previous work lab noted severe drop‐off tensile strength strain‐to‐failure poly( p ‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) when subjected repeated folding....

Abstract A method for demonstrating the scattering of primary electron beam in presence a gas has been developed. self‐assembled decanethiol monolayer is damaged by electrons. The portion mono‐layer exchanged with another thiol‐containing molecule immersion solution. resulting film imaged using secondary ion mass spectrometer. Three‐dimensional reconstruction data yields representation scattered electrons gaseous environment environmental scanning microscope.

Abstract Phosphor imaging plate technology has made it possible to directly image the distribution of primary beam electrons and scattered in environmental scanning electron microscope. The phosphor is exposed under scattering conditions microscope chamber. When processed, intensity displayed as a digital image. visual representation probe skirt may provide basis for more accurate model.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were demonstrated to be useful analytical tools for investigating surface bulk components of individual floc particles from both full- bench-scale activated sludge systems. Detailed imaging various hydrated biological by ESEM revealed substantial differences in features between treatment systems, while EDS identified spatial the...

This work provides examples of some the imaging capabilities environmental scanning electron microscopy applied to easily charged samples relevant particle analysis. Environmental SEM (also referred as high pressure or low vacuum SEM) can address uncoated that are known be difficult image. Most these specimens image by conventional even when coated with a conductive layer. Another area where is particularly applicable for not compatible vacuum, such volatile specimens. Samples from which...

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.

Summary A simplified method for the preparation of particles from liquid suspensions has been developed. Particles are deposited directly on carbon planchets rapid analysis by environmental scanning electron microscopy or conventional after an additional drying step. This is accomplished filtering through thin planchets. Three different grades graphite were investigated their suitability as source material these The high quality isomolded recommended filtration and direct observation...

We report on the use of extended logistic function for fitting Auger-electron (AE) and secondary-electron (SE) line scans. Such fits provide convenient objective measures parameters describing interface width possible asymmetry a scan. show examples to AE SE scans three types samples. Fits data gold island carbon substrate gave useful lateral resolution scanning Auger microscope “tails” present in showed evidence imperfect alignment microscope. spectra obtained as primary beam was scanned...

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