Abstract. The new 3.6 version of the Louvain-la-Neuve sea ice model (LIM) is presented, as integrated in most recent stable release Nucleus for European Modelling Ocean (NEMO) (3.6). will be used next Climate Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6). Developments focussed around three axes: improvements robustness, versatility and sophistication code, which involved numerous changes. Robustness was improved by enforcing exact conservation through inspection different processes driving...

Processes responsible for the seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface temperature as well heat content upper ocean (0–400 m) in Kuroshio Extension region are examined from a 3D advection–diffusion model finite elements, with an embedded bulk mixed layer. The geostrophic velocity is specified externally TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data, Ekman NCEP wind stress. thermal field shows good agreement observations. While both atmospheric oceanic processes required to explain observed...

The dominant processes affecting sea surface height (SSH) variability observed by the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter vary regionally in Pacific; baroclinic Rossby waves, equatorially trapped Kelvin steric response to seasonal heating, and wind stress curl forcing are all important. heating dominates SSH subpolar gyre eastern subtropical gyre. South of Kuroshio Extension south 20°N Pacific, contribution is from near‐annual period waves. To quantify wave energy, was assimilated into a kinematic...

Major pathways and transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) crossing Kerguelen Plateau were directly observed during 2009 Track cruise. The net eastward to south Heard/McDonald Islands is estimated as 56 Sv (1 = 10 6 m 3 s −1 ), 43 which tightly channelled into Fawn Trough that appears a predominant cross‐plateau gateway circumpolar flow associated with Southern ACC Front (SACCF). There are also two secondary passages, one (6 Sv) being attached nearshore slope just other (7...

Abstract The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) constitute two outstanding surface atmospheric circulation patterns affecting sea temperature (SST) variability in western Pacific. present analyses show relationship between EAWM NPO their impact on SST are nonstationary regime-dependent with a sudden change around 1988. These tightly linked to upper-level Ural Kamchatka blockings, respectively. During 1973–87 strong epoch, were significantly correlated...

We present a set of current meter measurements collected in the southwest Atlantic from December 1993 to June 1995. Four moorings were out monitor Malvinas (Falkland) Current at 40°–41°S, and one mooring was located within Brazil‐Malvinas Front area 38°S. The mean flow has an equivalent barotropic structure, whereas vertical structure variable part is dominated by barotropic‐like empirical mode for regions shallower than 2500 m, surface intensified, which appears as linear combination...

Data from a variety of sources reveal warm‐core anticyclonic circulation above the Northwest Georgia Rise (NWGR), an ∼2000‐m high bathymetric feature north South Georgia. The sense is opposite to general cyclonic flow in Basin. shows characteristics stratified Taylor column: dimensional analysis that local bathymetry and hydrography are conducive formation such. ERS2 altimeter data show column, whilst not fully permanent, nonetheless recurring feature. High concentrations chlorophyll‐...

Abstract On the basis of a new East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) index and by analyzing relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies different atmospheric oceanic factors in winter, this study investigates causes recent unusual warming western North Pacific Ocean. Analyses presented here emphasize dual contribution from atmosphere ocean to local SST variability, with relative importance each contributor varying period place. During 1970–89, EAWM, controlled mostly Siberian...

Abstract The overturning circulation of the Southern Ocean has been investigated using eddying coupled ocean–sea ice models. is diagnosed in both density–latitude coordinates and depth–density coordinates. Depth–density follow streamlines where Antarctic Circumpolar Current equivalent barotropic, capture descent Bottom Water, density outcrops at surface, can be interpreted energetically. In coordinates, wind-driven northward transport light water southward dense are compensated by standing...

Abstract The large‐scale Arctic sea‐ice retreat induces a gradual replacement of thick, multi‐year sea ice by thinner first‐year ice. latter has distinctive physical properties and is in particular substantially saltier. It generally thought that while salt rejection occurs primarily during formation winter, most the remaining brine flushed out percolating surface melt water summer. Here, it argued substantial part this residual desalination can occur well before summer melt, due to...

Abstract In the central Arctic Ocean, autonomous observations of ocean mixed layer and ice documented transition from cold spring to early summer in 2011. Ice‐motion measurements using GPS drifters captured three events lead opening ridge formation May June. Satellite sea concentration suggest that locally observed openings were part a larger‐scale pattern. We clarify how these deformation are linked with onset basal melt, which preceded surface melt by 20 days. Observed warming consistent...

Abstract Storfjorden, Svalbard, hosts a polynya in winter and is an important source region of Brine‐enriched Shelf Water (BSW) that, if dense enough, feeds the Arctic Ocean deep water reservoir. Changes BSW production may thus have far‐reaching impacts. We analyze mass distribution circulation Storfjorden trough south it, Storfjordrenna, using hydrographic sections occupied July 2016, following characterized by lowest ice coverage recorded Barents Sea. These observations reveal unusual...

We analyze a decade of sea surface height (SSH) measurements in the Southern Ocean from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS altimeters, with focus on variability at timescales <2 years. Among different processes contributing to large‐scale SSH variations, barotropic response winds dominates poleward 50°S, while thermosteric dominate equatorward, except for resonant basins modes regions intense eddy activity. A finite element model has been developed vorticity budget. The agrees well observations....

Current meter measurements were collected between 40° and 41°S in the Malvinas (Falkland) from December 1993 to June 1995. Owing premature failure of a mooring, reliable volume transport time series could only be calculated for 254 days, leading mean about 41.5 Sv with standard deviation 12.2 Sv. This is tentatively extended 386 days. It also shown that TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter, combined statistical information on vertical structure current provided by meters, can used sensitively monitor...

Two conflicting views on the causal mechanism of Antarctic interannual variability often appear in literature, i.e., whether it is remotely teleconnected to tropical ENSO events or a self‐sustained eastward propagating circumpolar wave generated locally by an ocean‐atmosphere coupling mechanism. Using Fourier decomposition into stationary and components several oceanic atmospheric variables, we show that most can be explained geographically phase‐locked standing train linked episodes. This...

With a volume transport of ∼134 × 10 6 m 3 /s at the Drake Passage, Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is strongest ocean current. In interest estimating secondary magnetic fields generated by magnetohydrodynamic interaction this flow with Earth's main field, we compare numerical results for obtained using from three different general circulation models. These simulations all expect detectable signals in records ground and satellite altitude (400 km). The variability contribution highly...

Abstract Winter to summer CO 2 dynamics within landfast sea ice in McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) were investigated using bulk pCO measurements, air‐snow‐ice fluxes, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and ikaite saturation state. Our results suggest depth‐dependent biotic abiotic controls that led us discriminate the column three layers. At surface, winter supersaturation drove release atmosphere while spring‐summer undersaturation uptake most of time. fluxes showed a diel...

Origins of the seasonal variability observed in current meter data from Malvinas (Falkland) Current are sought wind field on both a regional and circumpolar scale. A singular value decomposition covariance fields makes it possible to distinguish between local remote source variability. The mode is result changes stress curl around 40°S causing an annual modulation transverse mean path current, thus contributes little transport. It seems likely that drives excursions Brazil–Malvinas Front...

Abstract In this paper the spectrum of barotropic basin modes Argentine Basin is shown to be connected classical Rossby a flat-bottom (constant depth), rectangular basin. First, calculated for Basin, by performing normal-mode analysis shallow-water equations. Then homotopy transformation performed that gradually morphs full-bathymetry geometry through configuration into Following eigenmodes transition establishes connection between most and geometry. particular, 20-day mode identified with...

Storfjorden, which hosts a latent heat polynya, is well known region of dense water formation. This Brine‐enriched Shelf Water (BSW) displays substantial year to variability in its properties, partly linked interannual variations ice production. Here we have developed model based on high‐resolution AMSR‐E satellite sea‐ice concentration data, available between 2002 and 2011, atmospheric forcing estimate the production polynya associated salt release. The average modeled for epoch 2002–2011...

Recent studies have discovered an intriguing nonstationary relationship between El Ninõ-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern, one of most prominent winter atmospheric circulation patterns in North Pacific, with a regime-dependent interdecadal modulation significant insignificant correlations. However, physical process underlying observed ENSO-WP is puzzle remains to be elucidated, which also essential for clarifying still-debated nontrivial issue on...

A small and lightweight frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system is used for the determination of snow height by measuring distance to surface from a platform. The measurements have been performed at Centre des Études de la Neige (Col Porte), which located near Grenoble in French Alps. It shown that FMCW millimeter-wave frequencies an extremely promising approach surfaces, e.g., mountains or Arctic environment. characteristics sensor are described detail. relevant accuracy...

To understand the upper-ocean thermal variability in Kuroshio−Oyashio Extension (KOE) region, upper 400 m heat budget western North Pacific is analyzed for 1981 − 2013 period using outputs from a high resolution (1/12°) ocean general circulation model. Winter storage rate on interannual to decadal time scales mainly determined by oceanic advection rather than net air-sea flux. The role of becomes particularly prominent and widely spread over entire after 1990 regime shift association with...